Linear Momentum and Collisions

A set of flashcards covering essential terms and definitions related to linear momentum and collisions.

Linear Momentum

The product of mass m and velocity v, represented as p = mv.

Conservation of Momentum

The principle stating that the total momentum of a closed system is constant if no external forces act on it.

Elastic Collision

A collision in which total kinetic energy is conserved before and after the collision.

Inelastic Collision

A collision in which some kinetic energy is converted to other forms of energy, such as thermal energy or sound.

Perfectly Inelastic Collision

A type of inelastic collision where two objects collide and stick together, moving as one mass after the collision.

Impulse

The change in momentum, given by the product of force and the time duration over which the force acts.

Impulse Equation

Impulse (J) = Force (F) × Time (t).

Center of Mass

The point at which the mass of an object or system can be considered to be concentrated.

1D Collision

A collision scenario analyzed along a single line, where directions are indicated by signs.

Recoil Velocity

The velocity of an object after it has expelled mass, such as a gun after firing a bullet.

Kinetic Energy (KE)

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion, calculated as KE = 1/2 mv².

Thermal Energy

The energy generated by the motion of particles in a substance, often as a result of inelastic collisions.

Net Force

The total force acting on an object, resulting from the sum of all individual forces.

Mass (m)

A measure of the amount of matter in an object, typically measured in kilograms.

Velocity (v)

The speed of an object in a specified direction.