Bonding and Structure

Describe ionic bonding

Describe ionic bonding

Between a metal and non metal

electrons are transferred to create full outer shells

Created charged ions

the ions are held together by electrostatic attractions

they form a giant ionic lattice

Describe Covalent bonding

Formed between two non-metals

Electrons are shared between outer shells to achieve a full outer shell

Multiple pairs of electrons can be shared to produce multiple covalent bonds

Describe Dative bonding(coordinate bonding)

Formed when electrons in the shared pair are supplied from a single atom

reacts the same way as a covalent bond

Describe Metallic bonding

lattice of positively charged electrons in a sea of delocalised electrons

produces a strong electrostatic force of attraction

The greater the charge of the positive ion the stronger the force because more electrons become delocalised

What are the four main types of crystal structures?

Ionic, metallic, simple molecular and macromolecular

What are the properties of substance with an ionic crystal structure?

HIgh melting and boiling point, because of strong electrostatic forces

Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in a solution because the ions are allowed to move freely and can carry a current

Often brittle, when layers of alterternated charges are distorted they repel each other and break apart into fragments

What are the properties of a substance with a metallic structure?

Often good conductors, due to the de localised electrons that are able to carry a current

Malleable as the layers of positive ions can slide over each other

High melting points because the electrostatic forces are very strong

What are the properties of a substance with a simple molecular structure?

Consist of covalently bonded molecules held together with weak van der waals forces

low melting and boiling points

poor conductors as there are no charged particles

What are van der waals forces?

A type of intermolecular force that can act between the molecules holding them in a structure

they are often very weak

What are the properties of a substance that has a macromolecular structure

They are covalently bonded into a giant lattice structure.

Very high melting point because