Cranial Nerves

olfactory nerve

cranial nerve I (1)

optic nerve

cranial nerve II (2)

oculomotor nerve

cranial nerve III (3)

trochlear nerve

cranial nerve IV (4)

trigeminal nerve

cranial nerve V (5)

abducens nerve

cranial nerve VI (6)

facial nerve

cranial nerve VII (7)

vestibulocochlear nerve

cranial nerve VIII (8)

glossopharyngeal nerve

cranial nerve IX (9)

vagus nerve

cranial nerve X (10)

spinal accessory nerve

cranial nerve XI (11)

hypoglossal nerve

cranial nerve XII (12)

olfactory (I), optic (II), vestibulocochlear (VIII)

list the sensory cranial nerves

nasal cavity

the origin of the olfactory n.

eyeball

the origin of the optic n.

lateral pons (lateral pontomedullary juction)

the origin of the vestibulocochlear n.

smell

the main function of the olfactory n.

vision

the main function of the optic n.

vestibular system: balance, cochlea: hearing

the main function of the vestibulocochlear n.

oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), abducens (VI), spinal accessory (XI), hypoglossal (XII)

list the motor cranial nerves

midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus

the origin of the occulomotor n.

midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus

the origin of the trochlear n.

medial pons (medial pontomedullary junction)

the origin of the abducens n.

ventral gray horn of C1-C5

the origin of the spinal accessory n.

preolivary sulcus in medulla

the origin of the hypoglossal n.

motor: majority of extraocular eye muscles, levator palpebrae

autonomic: lens accommodation, pupillary constriction

the main functions (2) of the oculomotor n.

oculomotor n.

this nerve innervates the majority of extraocular eye muscles and levator palpabrae

oculomotor n.

this nerve has an autonomic function that includes lens accommodation and pupillary constriction

innervates superior oblique muscles

the main function of the trochlear n.

innervates lateral rectus muscles

the main function of the abducens n.

innervates trapezius and SCM

the main functions of the spinal accessory n.

innervates tongue muscles

the main function of the hypoglossal n.

trigeminal (V), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X)

list the mixed cranial nerves

pons

the origin of the trigeminal n.

sensory: general sensation of face, external ear, cornea, nasal and oral cavities, and anterior 2/3 of tongue

proprioception info from muscles of mastication

motor: muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis, medial/lateral pterygoid)

the main functions (3) of the trigeminal n.

trigeminal n.

the motor functions of this nerve include muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis, medial/lateral pterygoid)

trigeminal n.

the sensory functions of this nerve include general sensation of face, external ear, cornea, nasal and oral cavities, and anterior 2/3 of tongue

trigeminal n.

this nerve receives proprioception information from muscles of mastication

pons (at the pontomedullary juction b/t abducens and vestibulocochlear)

the origin of the facial n.

motor: muscles of facial expression, stapedius

lacrimal glands (tear glands), sublingual glands, submandibular salivary glands

sensory: general sensation of ear canal

taste: anterior 2/3 of tongue

the main functions (4) of the facial n.

facial n.

the motor functions of this nerve includes muscles of facial expression and stapedius

facial n.

this nerve innervates the lacrimal glands, sublingual glands, and submandibular salivary glands

facial n.

the sensory function of this nerve includes general sensation of the ear canal

facial n.

this nerve is responsible for taste on the anterior 2/3 of tongue

postolivary sulcus in the medulla

the origin of the glossopharyngeal n.

sensory: general sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue, nasal and oropharynx, middle ear

motor: stylopharyngeal muscle

taste: posterior 1/3 of tongue

parotid salivary glands

carotid body

the main functions (5) of the glossopharyngeal n.

glossopharyngeal n.

the sensory functions of this nerve includes general sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue, nasal and oropharynx, and the middle ear

glossopharyngeal n.

this nerve innervates the stylopharyngeal muscle

glossopharyngeal n.

this nerve is responsible for taste from the posterior 1/3 of tongue

glossopharyngeal n.

this nerve innervates the parotid salivary glands

postolivary sulcus in the medulla

the origin of the vagus n.

motor: muscles of pharynx and larynx, soft palate

PSNS: heart, lungs, and GI tract

sensory: general sensation of larynx and epiglottis

taste: base of tongue, epiglottis

visceral sensation: heart, lungs, GI tract

the main functions (5) of the vagus n.

vagus n.

this nerve innervates the muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and soft palate

vagus n.

this nerve has a PSNS function of the heart, lungs, and GI tract

vagus n.

the sensory functions of this nerve includes general sensation of larynx and epiglottis

vagus n.

this nerve is responsible for taste from the base of the tongue and epiglottis

vagus n.

this nerve is responsible for visceral sensation from the heart, lungs, and GI tract

loss of hearing on the ipsilateral side and disturbances in balance, nystagmus, nausea, vomiting

these are the s/s of a vestibulocochlear n. lesion

diplopia in ipsilateral eye; affected eye is abducted and elevated (head often tilts away from side of lesion to compensate)

these are the s/s of a trochlear n. lesion

diplopia in contralateral eye

these are the s/s of a lesion to the trochlear nucleus

produces diplopia since eyes will not move in synchrony

these are the s/s of a lesion to the abducens n.

ipsilesional weakness of trapezius and SCM

these are the s/s of a lesion to the spinal accessory n.

inability to protrude tongue or tongue protrudes to ipsilesional side

these are the s/s of a lesion to the hypoglossal n.

decrease in ipsilateral salivary production, loss of sensory sensation from ipsilateral middle ear and pharynx

these are the s/s of a lesion to the glossopharyngeal n.

unilateral lesion: typically difficulty speaking (hoarse whisper) due to dysfunction of recurrent laryngeal n., marked effects on respiration rate, HR, and GI function

these are the s/s of a lesion to the vagus n.

subject sniffs two distinct odors with each nostril (occlude 1 nostril at a time)

cranial nerve test for olfactory n. (CN I)

visual acuity, visual field, pupillary light reflex

cranial nerve test for optic n. (CN II)

oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (IV), abducens (VI)

which cranial nerves are tested during the cranial nerve test that requires the subject to follow a pen with their eyes

sensory testing (touch several locations in each of the 3 divisions bilaterally with cotton swab/safety pin/ hot or cold objects), corneal reflex testing (sensory), motor (jaw reflex is tested)

cranial nerve tests for trigeminal n. (CN V)

sensory testing (place different tastes on anterior 2/3 of tongue), motor testing (raise eyebrows, close eyes tight, puff out cheeks, show teeth), corneal reflex testing (motor)

cranial nerve tests for facial n. (CN VII)

cochlear: hearing screen, Rinne test, Weber test; vestibular: VoR test

cranial nerve tests for vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII)

glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX) and vagus n. (X)

which nerves are tested with the cranial nerve test that checks for the palate to rise symmetrically

shrug shoulders

cranial nerve test for spinal accessory n. (CN XI)

stick out tongue (tongue deviates toward affected side)

cranial nerve test for hypoglossal n. (CN XII)