Respiratory System

Active inspiration

Active process of breathing in

Passive expiration

Passive process of breathing out

Diaphragm

Primary muscle of respiration

Nose

Nares, septum, turbinates, hairs

Pharynx (throat)

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Larynx

Voice box

Trachea

Windpipe

Bronchi

Lobar

Bronchi

Segmental

Alveoli (air sacs)

Site of gas exchange

Nas/o, Rhin/o

Nose

Pharyng/o

Pharynx (throat)

Laryng/o

Larynx (voice box)

Trache/o

Trachea (windpipe)

Sin/o, Sinus/o

Sinus (hollow space)

Pneum/o, Pneumat/o, Pneumon/o

Lung or air

Pulmon/o

Lung

Bronch/o, Bronchi/o

Bronchi

Bronchiol/o

Bronchiole

Alveol/o

Alveoli (air sac)

Stern/o and Cost/o

Sternum and ribs

Thorac/o, Pector/o Steth/o

Chest

Spir/o, -pnea

Breathing

Ox/o vs. Capn/o, carb/o

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Adenoid/o

Adenoid

Lob/o

Lobe

Pleur/o

Pleura

Phren/o

Diaphragm

Apnea, Eupnea, Tachypnea, Bradypnea

No,good,rapid,slow respiratory rate

Hypo- and Hypernea

shallow and deep breathing

Dyspnea

difficulty breathing

Orthopnea

only able to breath in upright position

Hypo- vs. Hyperventilation

shallow and slow vs. deep and fast breathing

Rhinorrhea

runny nose

Epistaxis

nosebleed

Rhinorrhagia

excessive flow of blood from the nose

Bronchospasm

involuntary contraction of the bronchus

Phrenospasm/Singultus

involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (hiccups)

Pleuralgia/Pleurodynia

pain in the pleura (sac around lungs)

Thoracalgia

pain in the chest

Expectoration

coughing up and spitting up lung secretions

Sputum

mucus coughed up from the lungs

Hemoptysis

coughing up blood

Bronchorrhea

discharge from the bronchi

Dysphonia

hoarse throat

Pectoriloquy

voice resonance through a stethoscope

Cyanosis

blue tint to the skin or lips

Retraction

suction of skin around the bones during inhalation

Pectus Carinataum vs. Pectus Excavatum

protruding vs. recessed sternum

Percussion

striking of surface of the chest

Atelectasis

partial or complete lung collapse

Pulmonary Edema

fluid in lungs

Pleural Effusion

fluid in pleural space

Hemothorax

blood in the chest

Pneumothorax

air in the chest

Hypercapnia/Hypercabia vs. Hpocapnia/Hypocarbia

high vs. low CO_2 levels

Hypoxia

low oxygen levels

Hypoxemia

low oxygen levels in the blood

Oximetry

procedure to measure oxygen levels

Ventilation Perfusion Scan

test to distinguish btw. air or blood flow issue in lungs

Polysomnography

recording different aspects of sleep

Pulmonary Function Test

cluster of tests to evaluate lung function

Spirometry

a procedure to measure breathing

Bronchoscopy

process to view the inside of the bronchi

Laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx

Rhinitis

inflammation of the nose

Sinusitis/ Pansinusitis

inflammation of the sinus/sinuses

Tonsillitis

inflammation of the tonsils

Sleep Apnea

cessation of breathing during sleep

Bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi

Pleuritis/ Pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura

Pneumonia

infection of the lung

Asthma

constriction of the bronchi, usually an allergic reaction

Emphysema

disease from loss of alveoli elasticity, causes difficulty exhaling

Obstructive Lung Disease

disease which blocks airways, harder to exhale

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

combo of diseases causing continual blockage of airways

Cystic Fibrosis

genetic disorder causing thick mucus and secretions in the respiratory system

Pulmonary Neoplasm

new growth in lungs

Mesothelioma

cancer of mesothelial cells which line the lungs

Restrictive Lung Disease

disease preventing full expansion of lungs making it harder to inhale

Nebulizer

device creating aerosol medication for inhalation

Expectorant

encourages expulsion of secretions from the lungs

Mucolytic

breaks down mucus

Antitussive

prevents cough

Bronchodilator

expands bronchiAsthma Pump, Inhaler

Intubate

insertion of breathing tube from mouth to trachea

Tracheostomy and Endotracheal Intubation

creation of an opening in trachea and insertion of a tube to assist with breathingCommon in long time smokers

Lobectomy

removal of a lobe of the lung

Pneumonectomy

removal of an entire lung

Thoracocentesis/Thoracentesis

puncture of thorax to drain fluid

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

method to artificially maintain blood and air flow