Aero-Medical Aspects and First Aid

1. What are typical symptoms of Angina Pectoris, and what is the proper first aid for this condition?

Chest pain/pressure, shortness of breath, sweating. Help passenger sit down, assist with own nitroglycerin, monitor, inform SCCM/Captain, request medical help.

2. Please describe proper CPR for adults, children, and infants.

Adults: 30 compressions + 2 breaths, 100–120/min, depth 5–6 cm. Children: same ratio, depth ~5 cm. Infants: 30:2 (single rescuer), 15:2 (two rescuers), depth ~4 cm. Use AED if available.

3. What are the procedures for severe choking concerning a conscious adult, child, or infant?

Adult/child: 5 back blows + 5 abdominal thrusts. Infant: 5 back blows + 5 chest thrusts.

4. What is the correct first aid when a person choking becomes unconscious?

Call for help, start CPR, check airway before breaths.

5. You meet a man who is complaining about severe headache. You can see that his face is paralyzed on one side, and he has trouble finding the words when talking to you. What could be wrong with him, and what do you do?

Likely stroke. Use FAST, call medical help immediately, keep passenger calm, monitor.

6. What are the symptoms of an asthma attack?

Wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, tight chest.

7. Describe in your own words what hyperventilation is, and what may be the reasons for this condition?

Rapid breathing causing low CO₂. Caused by stress, panic, anxiety.

8. What is proper first aid for hyperventilation?

Calm passenger, encourage slow breathing, reassure.

9. What are the main differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Type 1: no insulin production. Type 2: insulin resistance, often lifestyle-related.

10. How do you stop an external bleeding?

Apply direct pressure, use gloves, apply dressing.

11. Describe the symptoms of internal bleeding?

Pale skin, weakness, rapid pulse, bruising, shock signs.

12. What measures can be taken to prevent motion sickness?

Seat properly, fresh air, avoid heavy meals, use airsickness bag if needed.

13. Why should foreign objects that are stuck in a wound not be removed?

May increase bleeding or cause more damage.

14. What is an anaphylactic shock, and what is the proper first aid for this condition?

Severe allergic reaction. Use epinephrine auto-injector, give oxygen, call for help, monitor.

15. Describe the main differences between a tonic-clonic seizure and an absence seizure?

Tonic-clonic: full uncontrolled body shaking. Absence: brief staring, no major movement.

16. What is proper first aid when facing an epileptic seizure?

Protect from injury, do not restrain, place in recovery position after, monitor.

17. What are the typical signs of a fracture, and what do we mean with the 'PRICES' rule?

Pain, swelling, deformity. PRICES: Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Support.

18. When facing a person with unexplained heavy abdominal pain, what kind of questions should this person be asked?

Pain location, duration, symptoms, history, last meal.

19. Why is it so important to ask these questions (abdominal pain)?

To check how serious the condition is and identify life-threatening issues.

20. What can be done if you face childbirth on board, and there is not enough time to get to a hospital?

Call for help, assist mother, prepare area, support until landing.

21. Describe in your own words the meaning of barotrauma.

Injury caused by pressure changes (ears, sinuses).

22. What is Decompression sickness?

Gas bubbles in blood due to pressure change.

23. What is the First Aid for Decompression Sickness?

Give oxygen, keep passenger still, seek urgent medical help.

24. What is the cabin crew’s responsibility regarding the first aid equipment on board?

Ensure equipment is available, accessible, and used correctly.

25. What is the function of the Eustachian tube?

Equalizes pressure in the ear.

26. What is stress, and how does it affect us?

Mental/physical strain affecting performance and judgment.

27. What are the procedures if facing death onboard?

Inform Captain, follow procedures, maintain dignity and privacy.

28. What are the general signs and symptoms of infectious diseases?

Fever, cough, rash, fatigue, nausea.

29. If accidentally injured by a sharp contaminated object, what needs to be done?

Wash wound, report, follow infection procedures.

30. Define fatigue.

Extreme tiredness affecting performance.

31. What is Hypoxia?

Lack of oxygen; give oxygen immediately.

32. What is the objective to First Aid?

Preserve life, prevent worsening, promote recovery.

33. What are the Principles of First Aid?

Ensure safety, assess, call for help, provide care, monitor.

34. What type of equipment do we carry on board?

First aid kit, AED, oxygen, medical supplies.

35. What is Circulation Failure?

Shock; insufficient blood flow.

36. What are the Signs and Symptoms of Dehydration?

Thirst, dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue.

37. What do you know about Aircraft Disinsection?

Use of insecticide onboard to prevent disease spread.

38. What are the signs of Reduced Alertness?

Slow reactions, confusion, poor coordination, fatigue.