Mitosis and Cell Division Overview

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to mitosis, its phases, and associated cellular structures.

Mitosis

Process in which a single cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and replacement.

Cell Cycle

Series of stages a cell goes through, including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

Interphase

Longest cell-cycle phase where the cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for division.

Prophase

First mitotic phase; chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form.

Metaphase

Mitotic phase where chromosomes line up along the cell’s equator at the metaphase plate.

Anaphase

Mitotic phase in which sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles, becoming individual chromosomes.

Telophase

Final mitotic phase; chromosomes reach poles, nuclear envelopes re-form, and chromosomes de-condense.

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm following mitosis, producing two separate daughter cells.

Chromosome

DNA molecule wound around proteins; after duplication consists of two sister chromatids joined at a centromere.

Sister Chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome connected at a centromere after DNA replication.

Centromere

Region where sister chromatids are held together until they separate during anaphase.

Centrioles

Paired organelles that duplicate during interphase and organize spindle fibers at opposite cell poles.

Spindle Fibers

Microtubules that emerge from centrioles to attach to and separate chromatids during mitosis.

Metaphase Plate

Imaginary plane midway between cell poles where chromosomes align during metaphase.

Spindle Apparatus

Entire structure of centrioles and spindle fibers that orchestrates chromosome movement in mitosis.