9/25 MOD 2: Energy Systems in Exercise — Comprehensive Notes

These vocabulary flashcards cover essential terms related to energy systems, metabolism, and exercise, aiding students in understanding complex biochemical processes and their implications for physical performance.

ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate; the primary energy carrier in living organisms.

Phosphocreatine System

The energy system that provides immediate ATP for short bursts of activity, typically lasting about 5-10 seconds.

Anaerobic Glycolysis

A metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate without the need for oxygen, producing lactic acid.

Lactic Acid

A byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis that can accumulate in muscles, leading to fatigue.

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

An enzyme that is crucial for regulating glycolysis and is sensitive to lactic acid.

Corie Cycle

The process through which lactic acid is converted back to glucose in the liver.

Hydrogen Ions

Positively charged atoms that contribute to acidity in the blood.

Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

A buffer that combines with hydrogen ions to help regulate pH in the blood.

Aerobic System

The energy system that relies on oxygen to produce ATP, primarily through the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.

Krebs Cycle

A series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.

Metabolic Rate

The rate at which your body uses energy; influenced by factors like exercise and body composition.

Subcutaneous Fat

Fat that is stored just beneath the skin.

Visceral Fat

Fat that is stored around internal organs and is associated with various health risks.

Triglycerides

The main form of fat stored in the body, composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.

Epinephrine

A hormone that stimulates the breakdown of fat and is released during physical stress or activity.

Hormone Sensitive Lipase (HSL)

An enzyme that breaks down stored fat into fatty acids in response to hormonal signals.

Fat Oxidation

The process by which fatty acids are broken down to produce energy.

Glycogen

A stored form of glucose, found mainly in the liver and muscles.

Beta Oxidation

The metabolic process of breaking down fatty acids to generate acetyl-CoA for energy production.

Oxaloacetate

A four-carbon molecule that is critical in the Krebs cycle and is derived from carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, essential as a primary energy source.