Seedless Plants

Green algae

Plants share a common ancestor with charophytesin the archaeplastida supergroup of eukaryotes

Alternation of generations

is a reproductive cycle in which a plant alternates between a haploid gametophyte stage and a diploid sporophyte stage.

Apical meristem

Tissue in roots and shoots

Waxy cuticle

Resist desiccation

Cell walls with what to support structures off the ground?

Ligen

Secondary metabolites

Organic compounds produced by plants that are not directly involved in growth, development, or reproduction. They often play roles in defense and attraction.

Mycorrhizae

Mutualism with fungi; helps water & mineral absorption

Bryophytes

Non-vascular plants that require moisture for reproduction and have dominant gametophyte generations.

Bryophyte Characteristics

Haploid gametophyte is dominant form

Xylem

Cells specialized to move water and minerals

Phloem

Cells specialized to move sugars, amino acids, other organic products

Microphylls

Only Lycophytes have these leaf structures, which are small and typically have a single vein.

Megaphylls

Almost all other vascular plants these larger leaf structures, characterized by multiple veins and a complex leaf architecture

Lycophytes

Club mosses and relatives — tropical and

temperate

Pterophytes

Ferns and relatives — Horsetails, whisk ferns, and ferns