Biology Genetics Study Guide

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23 Terms

1
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DNA is composed of ________

nucleotides

2
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DNA replication results in two _______ DNA molecules

identical

3
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DNA is located in the ______ of eukaryotic cells

nucleous

4
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DNA stands for _________

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

5
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RNA is ______ stranded, and contains the sugar ribose

single

6
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Protein synthesis occurs in the _______ of eukaryotic cells

cytoplasm on ribosomes

7
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Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ________ during protein synthesis

ribosome

8
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___________ are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each round of DNA replication

telomeres

9
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The genetic code is __________ , meaning the same codons specify the same amino acids in all organisms

universal

10
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Mutations in DNA can result in changes to the amino acid sequence of proteins - T or F

True

11
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The building blocks of DNA are

nucleotides

12
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The correct base pairing in DNA is

Adenine – Thymine, Cytosine – Guanine

13
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Which enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides to the growing DNA strain during replication?

DNA Polymerase

14
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The process of copying DNA is called

Replication

15
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The enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix replication is called

DNA helicase

16
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The end of eukaryotic chromosomes are called ________ , which shorten with each round of DNA replication

Telomeres

17
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The phase of the cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs is called the

S phase

18
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The process of assembling a protein from amino acids based on the sequence of mRNA is called

Translation

19
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RNA stands for

Ribonucleic acid

20
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The three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis are

tRNA - transfer, mRNA - messenger, rRNA - ribosomal

21
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The enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from DNA template is called

RNA polymerase

22
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During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons and assembles the corresponding

amino acids

23
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The genetic code is a set of rules that determines how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a

protein