Genetics, DNA, Protein Synthesis

Alleles

Different forms of a gene

Artificially fertilised cell

Diploid nucleus into ovum without nucleus

Diploid

Nucleus that has two sets of chromosomes

Dominant

An allele that is always expressed if present

Evolution

An inheritable change in a population in response to a change in the environment by natural selection over time

Fertilisation

Fusion of female and male gametes to form diploid zygote

Gamete

Haploid male or female sex cell

Gene

Unit of inheritance/ length of DNA that codes for protein

Genotype

Genetic make-up

Haploid

Nucleus that has one set of chromosomes

Heterozygous

Alleles different

Homozygous

Identical alleles

Homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes which are same size and shape containing the same genes

Homologous structures

Same basic structure modified for different functions

Inherited characepteristics

Passed on from parent to offspring

Non-coding DNA

DNA that codes not code for a protein

Non-inheroted characteristics

Not passed from parent to offspring

Incomplete dominance

Phenotype of heterozygous individual is intermediate between two characteristics

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

Only one member of a pair of alleles enters a gamete

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

Any member of a pair of alleles can join with either member of another pair of alleles in gamete formatiom

Junk DNA

DNA that does not codes for a protein

Linkage

Genes on same chromosome and do nor show independent assortment

Mutation

Change in genetic makeup or n DNA

Phenotype

Physical appearance

Population

Group of organisms of the same species

Recessive

Allele whose expression is masked by dominant allele

Sex linkage

Gene located on a sex chromosome

Species

Group of individuals that can breed and produce fertile offspring

Variation

Difference between members of species