Sociocultural approach

Acculturation

The process of cultural and psychological change that occurs due to contact between two or more cultural groups.

Assimilation

An acculturation strategy where an individual abandons their original culture to adopt the cultural behaviors and values of a new culture.

Integration

An acculturation strategy where an individual maintains their original culture while adopting some behaviors and values of the new culture.

Separation

An acculturation strategy where an individual maintains their original culture and minimizes contact with the new culture.

Marginalisation

An acculturation strategy where an individual cannot maintain their original culture and also cannot assimilate into the new culture due to exclusion or discrimination.

Collectivism

A cultural dimension defining the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups and prioritize the group over self.

Individualism

A cultural dimension highlighting the importance of individual over group goals and self-reliance.

Social cognitive learning theory

The theory that humans learn behaviors through observational learning by watching models and imitating their behaviors.

Social identity theory

The theory suggesting that individuals have multiple social selves based on group membership and strive to enhance their self-esteem.

Stereotype threat

The fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group, which can impair performance.

Confirmation bias

The tendency to seek out information that confirms existing beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence.

Cultural dimensions

Frameworks that describe the values of a society and how they affect behavior.