Chapter 5 History Notes

What year was the harvest crisis?

1788

Harvest Crisis 1788 - According to historian __________________, the French population rose from 24.5 million in the 1750s to 28 million by the 1780s. The traditional farming methods were unable to keep up with the increased demand for their products. Bad weather, animal disease or poor harvests led to scarcity of food - and scarcity meant a rise in food prices. According to McPhee, in urban areas, "women sought to impose the taxation populaire" and "in rural areas [...] peasants banded together to prevent scarce supplies being sent away to market"

Peter McPhee

Harvest Crisis 1788 - According to historian Peter McPhee, the French population rose from ________million in the 1750s to 28 million by the 1780s. The traditional farming methods were unable to keep up with the increased demand for their products. Bad weather, animal disease or poor harvests led to scarcity of food - and scarcity meant a rise in food prices. According to McPhee, in urban areas, "women sought to impose the taxation populaire" and "in rural areas [...] peasants banded together to prevent scarce supplies being sent away to market"

24.5

Harvest Crisis 1788 - According to historian Peter McPhee, the French population rose from 24.5 million in the __________to 28 million by the 1780s. The traditional farming methods were unable to keep up with the increased demand for their products. Bad weather, animal disease or poor harvests led to scarcity of food - and scarcity meant a rise in food prices. According to McPhee, in urban areas, "women sought to impose the taxation populaire" and "in rural areas [...] peasants banded together to prevent scarce supplies being sent away to market"

1750s

Harvest Crisis 1788 - According to historian Peter McPhee, the French population rose from 24.5 million in the 1750s to _____million by the 1780s. The traditional farming methods were unable to keep up with the increased demand for their products. Bad weather, animal disease or poor harvests led to scarcity of food - and scarcity meant a rise in food prices. According to McPhee, in urban areas, "women sought to impose the taxation populaire" and "in rural areas [...] peasants banded together to prevent scarce supplies being sent away to market"

28

Harvest Crisis 1788 - According to historian Peter McPhee, the French population rose from 24.5 million in the 1750s to 28 million by the ______. The traditional farming methods were unable to keep up with the increased demand for their products. Bad weather, animal disease or poor harvests led to scarcity of food - and scarcity meant a rise in food prices. According to McPhee, in urban areas, "women sought to impose the taxation populaire" and "in rural areas [...] peasants banded together to prevent scarce supplies being sent away to market"

1780s

Harvest Crisis 1788 - According to historian Peter McPhee, the French population rose from 24.5 million in the 1750s to 28 million by the 1780s. The ___________________________________ were unable to keep up with the increased demand for their products. Bad weather, animal disease or poor harvests led to scarcity of food - and scarcity meant a rise in food prices. According to McPhee, in urban areas, "women sought to impose the taxation populaire" and "in rural areas [...] peasants banded together to prevent scarce supplies being sent away to market"

traditional farming methods

Harvest Crisis 1788 - According to historian Peter McPhee, the French population rose from 24.5 million in the 1750s to 28 million by the 1780s. The traditional farming methods were unable to keep up with the increased ________________________for their products. Bad weather, animal disease or poor harvests led to scarcity of food - and scarcity meant a rise in food prices. According to McPhee, in urban areas, "women sought to impose the taxation populaire" and "in rural areas [...] peasants banded together to prevent scarce supplies being sent away to market"

demand

arvest Crisis 1788 - According to historian Peter McPhee, the French population rose from 24.5 million in the 1750s to 28 million by the 1780s. The traditional farming methods were unable to keep up with the increased demand for their products. Bad weather, animal disease or poor harvests led to scarcity of food - and scarcity meant a rise in food prices. According to McPhee, in urban areas, "______________________________________" and "in rural areas [...] peasants banded together to prevent scarce supplies being sent away to market"

women sought to impose taxation populaire

taxation populaire meaning

common people would pay only what they considered to be a "fair price"

common people would pay only what they considered to be a "fair price"

taxation populaire

Harvest Crisis 1788 - According to historian Peter McPhee, the French population rose from 24.5 million in the 1750s to 28 million by the 1780s. The traditional farming methods were unable to keep up with the increased demand for their products. Bad weather, animal disease or poor harvests led to scarcity of food - and scarcity meant a rise in food prices. According to McPhee, in urban areas, "women sought to impose taxation populaire and "in rural areas [...] _________________________________________________________________"

peasants banded together to prevent scarce supplies being sent away to market

Climate historian ___________________ states that the decade leading up to 1789 was plagued by a series of natural disasters, culminating in the Harvest Crisis in the summers of 1788 and 1789.

J. Neumann

In __________(month/year), a hailstorm destroyed most of the crops and this led to famine. (Harvest Crisis 1788)

July 1788

Harvest Crisis 1788 - ___________________ - who was British ambassador to France sent a description the hailstorm to the British Foreign Secretary: "the hailstones that fell were of a size and weight never heard of before in this country [...] some of them measuring 16 inches in circumference"

Lord Durset

Harvest Crisis 1788 - Lord Durset - who was _______________________________ sent a description the hailstorm to the British Foreign Secretary: "the hailstones that fell were of a size and weight never heard of before in this country [...] some of them measuring 16 inches in circumference"

British ambassador to France

Harvest Crisis 1788 - Lord Durset - who was British ambassador to France sent a description of the hailstorm to the ______________________________: "the hailstones that fell were of a size and weight never heard of before in this country [....] some of them measuring 16 inches in circumference"

British foreign secretary

Harvest Crisis 1788 - Lord Durset - who was British ambassador to France sent a description the hailstorm to the British Foreign Secretary: "the hailstones that fell _________________________________________________________ [...] some of them measuring 16 inches in circumference"

were of a size and weight never heard of before in this country

Harvest Crisis 1788 - Lord Durset - who was British ambassador to France sent a description of the hailstorm to the British Foreign Secretary: "the hailstones that fell were of a size and weight never heard of before in this country [....] _________________________________________________________"

some of them measuring 16 inches in circumference

Harvest Crisis 1788 - The wheat crops sustained the greatest hailstorm damage. According to ______________ in "Daily Life During the French Revolution" the winter "brought the coldest spell in many years" and it was said that "birds froze in their nests [...] rivers froze [...] water mills stopped working [...] the little grain that remained could not be made into flour"

James Anderson

Harvest Crisis 1788 - The wheat crops sustained the greatest hailstorm damage. According to James Anderson in "__________________________________________________________" the winter "brought the coldest spell in many years" and it was said that "birds froze in their nests [...] rivers froze [...] water mills stopped working [...] the little grain that remained could not be made into flour"

Daily Life During The French Revolution

Harvest Crisis 1788 - The wheat crops sustained the greatest hailstorm damage. According to James Anderson in "Daily Life During the French Revolution" the winter "________________________________" and it was said that "birds froze in their nests [...] rivers froze [...] water mills stopped working [...] the little grain that remained could not be made into flour"

brought the coldest spell

Harvest Crisis 1788 - The wheat crops sustained the greatest hailstorm damage. According to James Anderson in "Daily Life During the French Revolution" the winter "brought the coldest spell in many years" and it was said that "__________________ [...] rivers froze [...] water mills stopped working [...] the little grain that remained could not be made into flour"

birds froze in their nests

Harvest Crisis 1788 - The wheat crops sustained the greatest hailstorm damage. According to James Anderson in "Daily Life During the French Revolution" the winter "brought the coldest spell in many years" and it was said that "birds froze in their nests [...] _________________[...] water mills stopped working [...] the little grain that remained could not be made into flour"

rivers froze

Harvest Crisis 1788 - The wheat crops sustained the greatest hailstorm damage. According to James Anderson in "Daily Life During the French Revolution" the winter "brought the coldest spell in many years" and it was said that "birds froze in their nests [...] rivers froze [...] _____________________________[...] the little grain that remained could not be made into flour"

water mills stopped working

Harvest Crisis 1788 - The wheat crops sustained the greatest hailstorm damage. According to James Anderson in "Daily Life During the French Revolution" the winter "brought the coldest spell in many years" and it was said that "birds froze in their nests [...] rivers froze [...] water mills stopped working [...] _________________________________________________________"

the little grain that remained could not be made into flour

Harvest Crisis 1788 - the winter was also particularly long: there were ____ days in Paris below freezing compared to the normal average of 45 days. The lowest temperature reached was -21.

86

Harvest Crisis 1788 - the winter was also particularly long: there were 86 days in Paris _____________________ compared to the normal average of 45 days. The lowest temperature reached was -21.

below freezing

Harvest Crisis 1788 - the winter was also particularly long: there were 86 days in Paris below freezing level compared to the normal average of ____ days. The lowest temperature reached was -21.

45

Harvest Crisis 1788 - the winter was also particularly long: there were 86 days in Paris below freezing level compared to the normal average of 45 days. The lowest temperature reached was _______

-21

When rivers were __________, water mills could not grind grain. As a result, bread prices soared with the price of a four-pound loaf of bread in February 1789 almost double than what it had been in 1787 and was equal to over half of an average labourer's weekly wage.

frozen

When rivers were frozen, ________________ could not grind grain. As a result, bread prices soared with the price of a four-pound loaf of bread in February 1789 almost double than what it had been in 1787 and was equal to over half of an average labourer's weekly wage.

water mills

When rivers were frozen, water mills could not ______grain. As a result, bread prices soared with the price of a four-pound loaf of bread in February 1789 almost double than what it had been in 1787 and was equal to over half of an average labourer's weekly wage.

grind

When rivers were frozen, water mills could not grind grain. As a result, bread prices soared with the price of a ________________of bread in February 1789 almost double than what it had been in 1787 and was equal to over half of an average labourer's weekly wage.

four pound loaf

When rivers were frozen, water mills could not grind grain. As a result, bread prices soared with the price of a four-pound loaf of bread in _______________(month/year) almost double than what it had been in 1787 and was equal to over half of an average labourer's weekly wage.

February 1789

When rivers were frozen, water mills could not grind grain. As a result, bread prices soared with the price of a four-pound loaf of bread in February 1789 almost __________ than what it had been in 1787 and was equal to over half of an average labourer's weekly wage.

double

When rivers were frozen, water mills could not grind grain. As a result, bread prices soared with the price of a four-pound loaf of bread in February 1789 almost double than what it had been in ______ (year) and was equal to over half of an average labourer's weekly wage.

1787

When rivers were frozen, water mills could not grind grain. As a result, bread prices soared with the price of a four-pound loaf of bread in February 1789 almost double than what it had been in 1787 and was equal to over half of an average _____________________________

labourer's weekly wage

Bread riots began as early as _______________(month, year). At first the riots were about people not having enough to eat. But in April - July 1789, amid preparations for the Estates-General and the drawing up of the cahiers de doleances, the 300 bread riots in France were increasingly political.

April 1788

Bread riots began as early as April 1788. At first the riots were about people not having enough to eat. But in _____________ to ____________ 1789, amid preparations for the Estates-General and the drawing up of the cahiers de doleances, the 300 bread riots in France were increasingly political.

April, July

Bread riots began as early as April 1788. At first the riots were about people not having enough to eat. But in April - July 1789, amid preparations for the _______________and the drawing up of the cahiers de doleances, the 300 bread riots in France were increasingly political.

Estates General

Bread riots began as early as April 1788. At first the riots were about people not having enough to eat. But in April - July 1789, amid preparations for the Estates-General and the drawing up of the ____________________, the 300 bread riots in France were increasingly political.

cahiers de doleances

Bread riots began as early as April 1788. At first the riots were about people not having enough to eat. But in April - July 1789, amid preparations for the Estates-General and the drawing up of the cahiers de doleances, the ________bread riots in France were increasingly political.

300

Bread riots began as early as April 1788. At first the riots were about people not having enough to eat. But in April - July 1789, amid preparations for the Estates-General and the drawing up of the cahiers de doleances, the 300 bread riots in France were increasingly ___________________.

political

However, the weather conditions were only able to make such an important contribution to the outbreak of revolution due to the social inequalities of France under the Old Regime. Some _____% of the population lived at or below the subsistence level whilst the nobility and the Church enjoyed far-reaching privileges.

90

However, the weather conditions were only able to make such an important contribution to the outbreak of revolution due to the social inequalities of France under the Old Regime. Some 90% of the population lived at or below the ___________________level whilst the nobility and the Church enjoyed far-reaching privileges.

subsistence

On the ________________(day/month/year) the Parlement of Paris declared that the Estates-General should be made up of how it was last summoned in 1614.

25 September 1788

On the 25 September 1788 the Parlement of Paris declared that the ________________________should be made up of how it was last summoned in 1614.

Estates-General

On the 25 September 1788 the Parlement of Paris declared that the Estates-General should be made up of how it was last summoned in _______

1614

In 1614, each Estate had a roughly _________ amount of deputies and had sat separately. They discussed the issues presented to them, then voted. Each Estate voted as a whole: one vote for the First Estate, one vote for the Second Estate, one vote for the third Estate

equal

In 1614, each Estate had a roughly equal amount of ____________and had sat separately. They discussed the issues presented to them, then voted. Each Estate voted as a whole: one vote for the First Estate, one vote for the Second Estate, one vote for the third Estate

deputies

In 1614, each Estate had a roughly equal amount of deputies and had sat ________________. They discussed the issues presented to them, then voted. Each Estate voted as a whole: one vote for the First Estate, one vote for the Second Estate, one vote for the third Estate

separately

In 1614, each Estate had a roughly equal amount of deputies and had sat separately. They discussed the issues presented to them, then voted. Each Estate voted as a ______________: one vote for the First Estate, one vote for the Second Estate, one vote for the third Estate

whole

In 1614, each Estate had a roughly equal amount of deputies and had sat separately. They discussed the issues presented to them, then voted. Each Estate voted as a whole: ________vote for the First Estate, one vote for the Second Estate, one vote for the third Estate

one

In 1614, each Estate had a roughly equal amount of deputies and had sat separately. They discussed the issues presented to them, then voted. Each Estate voted as a whole: one vote for the First Estate, ______vote for the Second Estate, one vote for the third Estate

one

In 1614, each Estate had a roughly equal amount of deputies and had sat separately. They discussed the issues presented to them, then voted. Each Estate voted as a whole: one vote for the First Estate, one vote for the Second Estate, ____vote for the third Estate

one

Momentum of an Estates-General - the Third Estate demanded greater representation. They wanted to _________ their number of deputies in the Estate-General - an increase from 300 to 600 as their estate represented over 90 per cent of the population.

double

Momentum of an Estates-General - the Third Estate demanded greater representation. They wanted to double their number of ___________in the Estate-General - an increase from 300 to 600 as their estate represented over 90 per cent of the population.

deputies

Momentum of an Estates-General - the Third Estate demanded greater representation. They wanted to double their number of deputies in the Estate-General - an increase from _________to 600 as their estate represented over 90 per cent of the population.

300

Momentum of an Estates-General - the Third Estate demanded greater representation. They wanted to double their number of deputies in the Estate-General - an increase from 300 to ________as their estate represented over 90 per cent of the population.

600

Momentum of an Estates-General - the Third Estate demanded greater representation. They wanted to double their number of deputies in the Estate-General - an increase from 300 to 600 as their estate represented over _____per cent of the population.

90

Momentum of an Estates-General - the Third Estate demanded greater representation. They wanted voting by ___________ rather than by chamber of estate - which meant all the deputies to the Estates-General would sit as one body, with majorities to be divided on the basis of individual votes.

head

Momentum of an Estates-General - the Third Estate demanded greater representation. They wanted voting by head rather than by __________________ - which meant all the deputies to the Estates-General would sit as one body, with majorities to be divided on the basis of individual votes.

chamber of Estate

Momentum of an Estates-General - the Third Estate demanded greater representation. They wanted voting by head rather than by chamber of estate - which meant all the ______________to the Estates-General would sit as one body, with majorities to be divided on the basis of individual votes.

deputies

Momentum of an Estates-General - the Third Estate demanded greater representation. They wanted voting by head rather than by chamber of estate - which meant all the deputies to the Estates-General would sit as _______body, with majorities to be divided on the basis of individual votes.

one

Momentum of an Estates-General - the Third Estate demanded greater representation. They wanted voting by head rather than by chamber of estate - which meant all the deputies to the Estates-General would sit as one body, with ____________to be divided on the basis of individual votes.

majorities

Momentum of an Estates-General - the Third Estate demanded greater representation. They wanted voting by head rather than by chamber of estate - which meant all the deputies to the Estates-General would sit as one body, with majorities to be divided on the basis of _________________________.

individual votes

On the ______________(day/month/year), Louis XVI made his decision: he would grant double representation to the Third Estate, but he did not make any decision about voting.

27 December 1788

On the 27 December 1788, Louis XVI made his decision: he would grant __________________________ to the Third Estate, but he did not make any decision about voting.

double representation

On the 27 December 1788, Louis XVI made his decision: he would grant double representation to the Third Estate, but he did not make any decision about _________.

voting

Lead up to the Estates-General: The battle lines were drawn between the ___________ and _______ Estates who wanted their honorific privileges preserved and the Third Estate who wanted fundamental changes to the way France was governed.

First, Second

Lead up to the Estates-General: The battle lines were drawn between the First and Second Estates who wanted their honorific privileges preserved and the ___________Estate who wanted fundamental changes to the way France was governed.

Third

Lead up to the Estates-General: The battle lines were drawn between the First and Second Estates who wanted their ________________________preserved and the Third Estate who wanted fundamental changes to the way France was governed.

honorific privileges

Lead up to the Estates-General: The battle lines were drawn between the First and Second Estates who wanted their honorific privileges preserved and the Third Estate who wanted __________________________________________ to the way France was governed.

fundamental changes

In _____________________(Month/Year), when it was announced that an Estates-General would be called, Louis XVI relaxed the censorship laws, according to custom, so that people could inform themselves about tax reform.

May 1788

In May 1788, when it was announced that an Estates-General would be called, Louis XVI relaxed the _____________laws, according to custom, so that people could inform themselves about tax reform.

censorship

In May 1788, when it was announced that an Estates-General would be called, Louis XVI relaxed the censorship laws, according to custom, so that people could __________________________________________________________________________

inform themselves about tax reform

Pamphlet War- on the ____________________(day/month/year), Louis XVI had invited "al erudite [learned] and educated people" to send their opinions on the convocation of the Estates-General to the Keeper of the Seals

5 July 1788

Pamphlet War - on the 5 July 1788 Louis XVI had invited "___________________________________" people to send their opinions on the convocation of the Estates-General to the Keeper of Seals.

all erudite and educated

erudite meaning

learned

convocation meaning

summoning

Pamphlet War - on the 5 July 1788 Louis XVI had invited "all erudite and educated people" people to send their ______________on the convocation of the Estates-General to the Keeper of Seals.

opinions

Pamphlet War - on the 5 July 1788 Louis XVI had invited "all erudite and educated" people to send their opinions on the _____________of the Estates-General to the Keeper of Seals.

convocation

Pamphlet War - on the 5 July 1788 Louis XVI had invited "all erudite and educated" people to send their opinions on the convocation of the Estates-General to the _____________________.

Keeper of the Seals

By __________________(month/year), with elections for the deputies underway and cahiers de doleances being drawn up all over France, the pamphteering unleashed by the relaxed censorship laws had grown into a war.

January 1789

By January 1789, with elections for the ____________underway and cahiers de doleances being drawn up all over France, the pamphteering unleashed by the relaxed censorship laws had grown into a war.

deputies

By January 1789, with elections for the deputies underway and cahiers de doleances being drawn up all over France, the ____________________ unleashed by the relaxed censorship laws had grown into a war.

pamphleteering

By January 1789, with elections for the deputies underway and cahiers de doleances being drawn up all over France, the panphleteering unleashed by the relaxed censorship laws had grown into a _________.

war

By __________________(month/year), with elections for the deputies underway and cahiers de doleances being drawn up all over France, the pamphleteering unleashed by the ________________________________had grown into a war.

relaxed censorship laws

Between __________________(month, year) and April 1789, over 4,000 pamphlets were published, by December 1789 the number of newspapers in Paris had grown to 250.

May 1788

Between May 1788 and ___________________(month,year), over 4,000 pamphlets were published, by December 1789 the number of newspapers in Paris had grown to 250.

April 1789

Between May 1788 and April 1789 over _____________ pamphlets were published, by December 1789 the number of newspapers in Paris had grown to 250.

4,000

Between May 1788 and April 1789, over 4,000 pamphlets were published, and the number of newspapers in Paris had grown to ________

250

______________________ (person) challenged the old order of estates and the system of privilege. Under the old order, the clergy and nobility were deemed to be more useful to the state than the Third Estate because the First Estate ministered to the spiritual needs of the people whilst the Second Estate defended the Kingdom.

Abbe Sieyes

Abbe Sieyes challenged the old order of estates and the system of privilege. Under the old order, the clergy and nobility were deemed to be more ___________ to the state than the Third Estate because the First Estate ministered to the spiritual needs of the people whilst the Second Estate defended the Kingdom.

useful

Abbe Sieyes challenged the old order of estates and the system of privilege. Under the old order, the clergy and nobility were deemed to be more useful to the state than the ___________________because the First Estate ministered to the spiritual needs of the people whilst the Second Estate defended the Kingdom.

Third Estate

Abbe Sieyes challenged the old order of estates and the system of privilege. Under the old order, the clergy and nobility were deemed to be more useful to the state than the Third Estate because the _______ Estate ministered to the spiritual needs of the people whilst the Second Estate defended the Kingdom.

First

Abbe Sieyes challenged the old order of estates and the system of privilege. Under the old order, the clergy and nobility were deemed to be more useful to the state than the Third Estate because the First Estate ministered to the ______________needs of the people whilst the Second Estate defended the Kingdom.

spiritual

"What is the Third Estate"? publishing date, month year

January 1789

What was "What is the Third Estate?"

Influential political pamphlet