Criminal Justice

Due Process Model

Protects defendant's rights fairly.

Crime Control

Punish fast, protect society.

Broken Windows Theory

Small crimes lead to big crimes if ignored.

What is a Felony?

Serious crime, over 1 year prison.

What is a Misdemeanor?

Less serious, under 1 year jail.

What is an Infraction?

Minor offense, usually a fine.

What is the Dark Figure of Crime?

Unreported crimes.

What Fills the Dark Figure of Crime?

The UCR (Uniform Crime Report)

What are Five Justifications for Crime?

Consent, necessity, duress, self-defense, and involuntary intoxication.

Duty to Retreat

Escape first.

Stand Your Ground

Use force without retreat.

What is Actus Reus?

Guilty act.

What is Mens Rea?

Guilty mind.

What is Mala in Se?

Crimes considered wrong.

What is Mala Prohibita?

Wrong because law says so.

What is Stare Decisis?

Courts follow past decisions.

What is Corpus Delicti?

Proof a crime happened.

What is Probable Cause?

Reason to believe a crime happened.

How is Probable Cause Established?

Through the 5 senses.

What Does "Seizing" Mean?

Taking a person or property by law.

Problem-Oriented

Solve root causes.

Zero Tolerance

Punish everything, no exceptions.

Choice Crime Theory

Person decides to commit crime

Sociological Crime Theory

Person is influenced by environment.

Trait Crime Theory

Person’s traits push them toward crime

What Are the 7 Exceptions to a Search Warrant?

Plain view, consent, automobile, exigent, caretaker, inventory, incident to lawful arrest.

What Are Mala in Se Crimes?

Arson, murder, rape, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, robbery, incest.

8th Amendment

No excessive bail, fine, or punishments.

14th Amendment

Applies due process to states.

4th Amendment

No unreasonable searches.

5th Amendment

Remain silent, no double jeopardy, due process, attourney.

6th Amendment

Right to an attorney at court and a speedy and public trial.

What is the most frequent reported cause of police stress?

Conflict with supervisors.

What is police discretion?

Authority of the police to choose one action over the other.

What is the heart of policing?

Discretion.

What is full law enforcement?

Police responding formally to suspicious behavior.

What’s the first step law enforcement makes?

Initial contact.

What is selective law enforcement?

Police under enforce some laws and over enforce others.

What is the standard proof needed to find someone guilty in court?

Beyond reasonable doubt.

What is the standard proof needed to conduct a stop and frisk?

Reasonable suspicion.

What is the standard proof needed to place someone in custody?

Probable cause.

What are criminal laws?

The appropriate code of conduct for all citizens.

What is community policing?

Relationship between the public and the police.

What is the curtilage?

Area around the home to which home life extends.

What is an open field?

Unoccupied or underdeveloped land.

What is a home?

A person's permanent or principal place of residence.

Where is there no expectation of privacy?

Backyards, open fields, woods, vin # of mv, and property that has been thrown out.

What are the responsibilities of the police?

Enforce laws, Prevent crime, Investigate crimes, and Arrest suspects

What are the responsibilities of courts?

Ensure fair trials, Interpret laws, Decide guilt or innocence, and Impose sentences.

What are Lawrence Sherman’s categories of corrution?

Rotten apples, rotten pockets, pervasive unorganized, pervasive organized.

What is Knapp Commission corruption?

Grass eaters and meat eaters.

What are rotten apples?

Accept bribes and do illegal actions.

What are rotten pockets?

Engage in corrupt actions together.

What is pervasive unorganized?

Widespread crime not control by one group.

What is pervasive organized?

Widespread crime controlled by a group.

What are grass eaters?

Accept what comes their way.

What are meat eaters?

Misuse power.

What are Kickbacks?

Officers receive goods and services in exchange for referring business.

What is opportunistic theft?

When a police officer steals from suspects, crime scenes, or evidence by taking advantage of the situation.

What is a Shakedown?

Officers request money threatening to enforce laws if not paid,

What “fixing charges”?

When police officers make charges go away to help someone.

What is the federal court system?

District → Appellate → Supreme Court

What is the state court system?

Trial → Appellate → Supreme Court

What responsibilities does a Judge have?