med term ch.12

arthritis

inflammation o fa joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness

arthroplasty

surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a diseased or damaged joint

articulation

connection between two bones also called a joint

contraction

shortening or tightening of a muscle

musculoskeletal

pertaining to the muscles and the skeleton

radiography

production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source

synovial fluid

lubricating fluid secreated by the synovial membrane in the joint

orthopedics

branch of medicine with prevention, diagnosis, care, and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders

orthopedists

employ medical, plhysical, and surgical methods such as hip arthroscopy to restore function that is lost as a result of injury to or disease of the musculoskeletal system

rhematologist

medical doctor who specializes in treatment of arthritis and other diseases of joints, muscles, and bones c

chiropractic medicine

system of therapy based on the theory that disease is caused by pressure on nerves

chiropractor

health care provider who treats musculoskeletal disorders

fasci/o

band, fascia

fibr/o

fiber, fibrous tissue

leiomy/o

smooth muscle (visceral)

lumb/o

loins (lower back)

muscul/o

muscle

my/o

muscle

\-rrhexia

rupture

ten/o

tendon

tend/o

tendon

tendin/o

tendon

carp/o

carpus (wrist bones)

cervic/o

neck, cervix uteri

cost/o

ribs

crani/o

cranium (skull)

humer/o

humerus (upper arm bone)

metacarp/o

metacarpus 9hand arm bone)

phalang/o

phalanges bones of the fingers and toes

spondyl/o

vertebra (backbone)

vertebr/o

vertebra (backbone)

stern/o

sternum (breastbone)

calcane/o

calcaneum (heel bone)

femor/o

femur (thigh bone)

fibul/o

fibula

patell/o

patella

pelv/i

pelvis

pelv/o

pelvis

radi/o

radiation, x ray

tibi/o

tibia

ankyl/o

stiffness, bent, crooked

arthr/o

joint

chondr/o

cartilage

\-desis

binding, fixation

lamin/o

lamina (part of the vertebral arch)

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord

orth/o

straight

oste/o

bone

ped

foot, child

\-porosis

porous

\-clasia

to break, surgical fracture

\-clast

to break

\-plegia

paralysis

\-sarcoma

malignant tumor of connective tissue

dia-

through, across

peri-

around

muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading oto increasing weakness and debilitation, including duchenne dystriphy

myasthenia gravis

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and sever muscle weakensss, particularly evident with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids

rotator cuff injury

injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons sp

rain

trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament accompanied by pain and disability sich as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outward

strain

trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch

torticollis

spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck

arthritis

inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling and commonly changes in structure

gouty arthritis

arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body also called gout

\-trophy

development, nourishment

osteoarthitis

progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs and destruction of articular cartilage

bunion

deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe with abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

carpal tunnel syndrome

pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel

contracture

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fasia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of hte related tissue or joint

crepitation

grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, induction a fracture or joint destruction

ewing sarcoma

malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow usually in the long bones or the pelvis and most commonly affecting adolescent boys

ganglion cyst

noncancerous jellylike fluid filled lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands but may also appear in the feet

herniated disk

herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus between two vertebrea also called a prolapse disk

osteomyelitis

infection that encompasses all bone components including the bone marrow

osteoporosis

decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures

paget disease

abonrmal bone desctruction and regrowth of either one or several bones at numerous sites that results in deformity, most commonly occurs in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs

rickets

form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency also called rachitis se

questrum

fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

talipes equinovarus

congenital deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally towards the other toes, clubfoot

spinal curvatures

abnormal deviation of the spine from its normal position that results in a misalignment or exxageration in certain areas as occurs in kyphosis lordosis and scoliosis

kyphosis

increased curvature of the thoracid region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture

lordosis

forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column leading to a swayback posture

scoliosis

abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually cuases back pain, disk disease, or arthritis

spondylitis

inflammation of the one or more vertebrae

ankylosing spondylitis

chronic inflammitory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebae

scoli

crooked, bent. sp

spondylolisthesis

partial forward dislocation of one vertebrae over the one elbow, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebrae over the first sacral vertebrae also called a spinal cord compression

subluxation

partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint causing loss of function of the joint, also called partial dislocation

arthrocentesis

puncture of a joint space with a needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid for dx purposes, instill medication or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain

arthroscopy

visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structure using a thin, flexible, fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope which contains a miniature camera and projects images o na monitor to guide instruments during procedures

arthroplasty

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity

total hip arthroplasty

replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prosthesis that are fastened into the bone also called a total hip replacement

sequestrectomy

ecision of a sequestrum, segment of necrosed bone

sequestr-

separation

bone reabsorption inhibitors

reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seem in osteoporosis and paget disease

gold salts

treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system and rpeventing further disease progression

muscle relaxants

relieve muscle spasms, pain, and stiffness

non-steroidal anti inflammatory druga

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in treatment of musculoskeletal conditions

closed fracture

bone is broken but no open wound in skin op

open fracture

bone breaks through the skin