VMCB122 1st Lecture Exam

All of the following are not true statements about Staphylococcus aureus EXCEPT that:


It has medusa head colonies
It clots mammalian plasma
It is positive for the coagulase test
It causes erysipelas
It causes carbuncles

It is positive for the coagulase test

The following species causes gas gangrene in cattle and sheep, EXCEPT:


Clostridium noyvi Type A
Clostridium sordellii
Clostridium perfringens
None of the above

Clostridium perfringens

Which of the following is a virulent factor of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?


Neuraminidase
Endotoxin
Hemolysin
Exotoxin
Flagella

Neuraminidase

Which of the following toxins causes the Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)?


Tetanus toxin
Botulinum toxin
Epidermolytic toxin
Enterotoxin A-E
Hemolysin

Epidermolytic toxin

Second double zone of hemolysis indicating presence of lecithinase is a characteristic of:

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Clostridium perfringens
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium tetani

Clostridium perfringens

The following bacteria produce spores, EXCEPT:


Bacillus anthracis
Nocardia asteroides
Clostridium perfringens
Corynebacterium renale

Corynebacterium renale

Which is a membrane bound virulence factor of Staphylococci?


Exotoxins
Leukocidin
Coagulase
Adhesins
Streptokinase

Adhesins

The most aerotolerant Clostridia among the following is?

Clostridium noyvi
Clostridium septicum
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium tetani

Clostridium septicum

Which of the following is not a Gram-positive bacterium?
Clostridium perfringens
Corynebacterium renale
Bacillus subtilis
None of the above

None of the above

Which of the following Bacillus spp. is non-motile?
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus coagulans
None of the above

None of the above

Among the *Corynebacterium renale* group, which species can reduce nitrate?

Corynebacterium pilosum

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?


They are non-pathogenic to swine
Non-motile
Non-acid fast
Gram-positive rods

They are non-pathogenic to swine

Which of the following is the basis of virulence for Bacillus anthracis?


Coagulase
Anthrax toxin
Protective antigen
Glutamic acid capsule

Anthrax toxin

Which of the following Gram-positive rods is anaerobic?
Bacillus
Clostridium
Listeria
Nocardia
Corynebacterium

Clostridium

Which of the following is a characteristic of Bacillus anthracis?
Motile
Anaerobic
Capsulated
Hemolytic on BAP

Capsulated

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
It is a gram-positive pleomorphic bacilli.
It is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis.
It can inhibit staphylococcal toxin in the CAMP test.
It inhibits hemolysis with R. equi in the CAMP Test

It inhibits hemolysis with R. equi in the CAMP Test

(S. aureus instead of R.equi)

T/F. In CAMP test with a *Staphylococcus aureus, Rhodococcus equi* gives an enhancement of the effect to the staphylococcal beta-hemolysin.

TRUE

T/F. In CAMP test with a *Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium renale* gives an enhancement to the effect of the staphylococcal beta-hemolysin

FALSE

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(S. aureus should be R. equi)

T/F. In CAMP test with a *Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis* gives an enhancement to the effect of the staphylococcal beta-hemolysin.

FALSE (inhibition)

T/F. The optimal growth temperature for *Listeria monocytogenes* is between 30°C and 37°C but they can also grow at 4°C.

TRUE

T/F. *Corynebacterium renale* can digest casein on milk agar.

TRUE

T/F. Alpha and delta hemolysins can cause complete or beta-hemolysis.

TRUE

T/F. *Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae* is non-spore forming organism.

TRUE

T/F. Corynebacterium pilosum causes gangrene in cattle and sheep

FALSE (Clostridium)

T/F. *Clostridium perfringens* produces potent neurotoxins but are non-invasive.

FALSE

*Actinomyces bovis* is a filamentous bacterium.

TRUE

Caseous Lymphadenitis

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Circling disease (sheep)

Listeria monocytogenes

Wooden tongue

Actinobacillus lignieresii

Lumpy jaw

Actinomyces bovis

Summer mastitis

Trueperella pyogenes

Lumpy wool

Dermatophilus congolensis

Pulpy kidney disease (sheep)

Clostridium perfringens type D

Greasy heel (horses)

Staphylococcus hyicus

Strangles

Streptococcus equi

Blackleg disease

Clostridium chauvoei

Black disease

Clostridium noyvi type B

Among the *Corynebacterium renale* group, which species can digest casein on milk agar?

Corynebacterium renale

This form of swine erysipelas is characterized by skin lesions (diamond-skin), endocarditis and polyarthritis.

Chronic

Partial hemolysis seen as greenish discolaration on BAP is also called _____ hemolysis

Alpha

What stain is used in M’Fadyean reaction to diagnose anthrax from tissues or blood smears?

Polychromethylene blue

Salmon pink colonies is a characteristic of what bacteria?

Rhodococcus equi

The most important virulence factor of Listeria species which lyses phagosome and ferritin vesicles, thus aiding in the survival of the organism in macrophages.

Lysteriolysin or LLO

The present name of *Corynebacterium renale* type II.

Corynebacterium pilosum

In CAMP test, __***______***__ exhibited enhancement of the staphylococcal beta-hemolysin by *Listeria monocytogenes* but not by *Listeria ivanovii.* On the other hand, CAMP test with __***_____***__showed enhancement of the hemolysis by *Listeria ivanovii* but not by *Listeria monocytogenes.*

Staphylococcus aureus

Rhodococcus equi

Nagler’s test is used to identify *Clostridium perfringens* from other species. Which toxin of *C. perfringens* reacts with the lecithin in egg yolk agar?

Alpha toxin

Gram-negative motile bacteria that typically appear comma or s-shaped with a single flagellum that allows their characteristic corkscrew darting motion.

Campylobacter

Most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide.

Campylobacter

Spirochetes with arthropod vector

Borrelia

Causative agent of Weil’s disease in dogs, a severe form of leptospirosis.

Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae

Causative agent of Lyme disease in humans.

Borrelia burgdorferi

Causative agent of syphilis.

Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum

Able to cause enteropathy in rabbits

Lawsonia intracellularis

Causative agent of plague which is a septicemic disease of major importance in humans, rodents, and occasionally domestic animals.

Yersinia pestis

Classified as a major pathogen in the Family *Enterobacteriaceae.*

Proteus spp.

One of the many key causes for extraintestinal infections next to *E. coli.*

Enterobacter aerogenes

Comprises nearly 2500 serovars (based on the Kauffman-White scheme in which H (flagellar) and O (somatic) antigens).

Salmonella

Non-lactose fermenter from Family *Enterobacteriaceae.*

Salmonella typhimurium

Infections caused by these microorganisms are related to captive non-human primates and stressful situations.

Shigella

Causes severe vascular lesions in the colonic mucosa, hemorrhagic colitis, and in some cases hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Shiga toxin

Contains both inner and outer membranes, a thin peptidoglycan layer and periplasm.

Cell wall

Gel-like material secreted around the bacteria *Pseudomonas* during infection to evade host immune system via preventing phagocytosis and complement system activation.

Alginate

*Pseudomonas aeruginosa* virulence factor that has antibacterial function utilized as a defense mechanism in the environment.

T6SS

Iron-acquiring siderophore associated with toxic activity on the host cell.

Pyocyanin

Which of the following most live in acidic soil and some of the members are closely associated with soil fungi?

Burkholderia

Causative agent of glanders

Burkholderia mallei

Causative agent of pseudoglanders

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Causative agent of meliodosis

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Causative agent of Glasser’s disease

Glaesserella parasuis

Causative agent of thrombotic meningoencephalitis.

Histophilus somni

Causative agent of infectious coryza in chickens.

Avibacterium paragallinarum

Species from this genus are fragile and collection of the specimens should be protected from drying and cultured as soon as possible after collection. Refrigeration and transport media may not be particularly beneficial and deep freezing is the only reliable method for the preservation of these bacteria.

Haemophilus

Among the most dangerous bacteria to work within a laboratory and a biohazard cabinet must be used and all other safety procedures employed according to biosafety level (BSL)-3 guidelines.

Burkholderia

Small colonies of *Haemophilus influenzae* growing adjacent to mature *Staphylococcus* colonies, after 48 h incubation at 35°C in 10% CO2.

Satellitism

Most commonly transmitted sexually, often through an asymptomatic carrier stallion

Taylorella equigenitalis

Causative agent of contagious equine metritis.

Taylorella equiginetalis

Which is not true about Taylorella?

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Facultative anaerobic
Fastidious
Short Gram-positive rods
Non-motile

Short Gram-positive rods

Commensals in the intestines that can cause severe disease in the urinary tract and peritoneal cavity.

E. coli

Broadly divided into diarrheagenic and extraintestinal pathogenic strains

E. coli

Diarrheagenic E. albertii strains

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STEC
EHEC
EPEC
None of the above

None of the above

With clinical manifestation of foodborne bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uretic syndrome.

EHEC

Causes cystitis, vaginitis, and balanoposthitis in dogs as well as neonatal infection of puppies.

Canicola haemoglobinophilus

Produce pyogranulomatous disease and designated as category B bioterrorism agents by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States, and considered as emerging and re-emerging infectious agent of humans by the National Institutes of Health, United States.

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Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei
None of the choices
Both A and B

Both A and B

Facultative intracellular bacterium

\
Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei
None of the choices
Both A and B

Both A and B

Motile

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Burkholderia pseudomallei
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
None of the choices
Both A and B

Both A and B

Purple agar containing 1% maltose is a useful medium to distinguish between the pathogenic staphylococci particularly with coagulase-positive isolates. Which of the following growths (refer to the picture below-A, B or C) best describes the Staphylococcus aureus growth?

B

Previous name of Rhodococcus equi

Corynebacterium equi

All are filamentous bacteria except for?

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Streptomyces spp.

Nocardia otitidiscaviarum

Actinomyces bovis

Campylobacter jejuni

Trueperella progenies

Campylobacter jejuni

Which of the following CAMP test results exhibited a synergistic or enhanced hemolysis between two organisms

di mo pa rin masagutan? nasa pic na bhie ung sagot

Reservoir hosts of Leptospira spp.

Rodents

T/F. Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii can cause abortion in sheep and cattle.

TRUE

In CAMP test, Staphylococcus aureus exhibited enhancement of the staphylococcal beta-hemolysin by Listeria monocytogenes but not by Listeria ivanovii.

TRUE

Which of the following is not a Gram-positive bacterium?
○ Clostridium perfringens
○ Corynebacterium renale
○ Bacillus subtilis
○ Nocardia asteroides
○ None of the above

None of the above

The serological Lancefield grouping scheme for streptococci is based on the group-specific carbohydrate cell wall antigens, with groups from A to J and K to V.

FALSE

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(A to H)

Which of the following Bacillus spp. is non-motile?
○ Bacillus cereus
○ Bacillus subtilis
○ Bacillus coagulans
○ Bacillus filiforms
○ None of the above

None of the above

Which Bacillus spp are non-motile

B. anthracis and B.mycoides

The following staphylococcal virulence factors are membrane damaging exotoxins, EXCEPT:
○ Exfoliatin
○ Leukocidin
○ Hemolysin
○ Capsule
○ None of the above

Capsule

Which of the following staphylococcal hemolysins cause complete hemolysis?
Alpha
Beta
Delta
Gamma

Alpha and Delta

T/F. “Bound” coagulase (clumping factor) is detected by the slide test and “free” coagulase by the tube test. While the tube test is definitive, the slide test can be used as a rapid screening test for S. aureus.

TRUE

T/F. Clostridium tetani produces tetanolysin (a neurotoxin) and tetanospasmin (a hemolysin) which are responsible for the signs of tetanus.

FALSE