ATC Biology Chapter Practice Questions (Most Chapters Combined)

Hydrogenation is a chemical process that

turns liquid oil to solid fats.

A single atom of carbon may form up to ______ covalent bonds with other atoms.

4

What kind of reaction produces large molecules by linking small molecules?

condensation

Oligosaccharides include

both sucrose and lactose

Glucose and sugars in DNA and RNA

are monosaccharides.

Sucrose is composed of

a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose

Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by

animals.

Cellulose is

a polysaccharide found in cell walls of plants.

Triglycerides are

neutral fats.

In the figure above, the honeycomb on which the bee in standing, is made up primarily of which of the following:

lipids

The dotted areas in the figure above indicate where ______ reactions will occur to produce _________ and __________.

condensation; covalent bonds; water molecules

Cholesterol

a. is all of these.

b. is a lipid without a fatty-acid component.

c. has a rigid backbone of four carbon rings.

d. is needed to produce sexual development and maturity.

e. is the most common steroid in animal tissue.

a. is all of these.

Polyunsaturated fats

have fewer hydrogen atoms than do saturated fats.

Lipids

a. include cartilage and chitin.

b. are none of these.

c. are composed of monosaccharides.

d. yield less energy per gram than do carbohydrates.

e. include fats consisting of one fatty-acid molecule and three glycerol molecules.

b. are none of these.

The sequence of amino acids is the _______ structure of proteins.

primary

Denaturation of proteins may result in all of the following EXCEPT

removal of R groups from amino acids.

Which molecule is incorrectly match with its monomer?

starch; ribose

the amine group

-NH2

the carboxyl group

-COOH

the group that is acidic

-COOH

the group that occurs repeatedly in sugars

CHO

the methyl group

-CH3

the hydroxyl group

-OH

the carbonyl group of fructose

-CHO

the group of the amino-terminal end of proteins

-NH2

the group on the carbonxyl-terminal end of proteins

-COOH

the group that distinguishes glucose from fructose

-C=O

the group typical of energy carriers such as ATP

-PO43-

The probability of producing a normal child by two parents who are carriers for an autosomal recessive disorder is

1. 0%.

2. 75%.

3. 100%.

4. 50%.

5. 25%.

The Punnett square illustration above shows that theoretically

1. half of human zygotes are XY.

2. all zygotes carry an X chromosome.

3. gender depends upon which type of sperm fertilizes the egg.

4. all of these are true.

5. half of human sperm carry a Y chromosome.

Concerning the sex chromosomes, which of the following is correct?

1. X and Y are different in size but carry nearly equal numbers of genes.

2. The X chromosome carries the SRY gene.

3. The Y chromosome carries a greater number of genes for nonsexual traits than does the X.

4. The X chromosome carries only gender-related genes.

5. The X chromosome carries more genes for nonsexual traits than does the Y.

An X-linked carrier is a

1. homozygous recessive female.

2. homozygous dominant female.

3. heterozygous female.

4. heterozygous male.

5. homozygous male.

Males tend to be affected in greater numbers by X-linked recessive genetic disorders than are females because

1. females have two dominant genes for the disorder.

2. males have only one X chromosome.

3. males have a double dose of the gene.

4. Y chromosomes are not as strong as X chromosomes.

5. none of these.

A woman heterozygous for color blindness (an X-linked recessive allele) marries a man with normal color vision. What is the probability that their first child will be color blind?

1. 25%

2. none of these

3. 75%

4. 100%

5. 50%

The above figure represents which of the following chromosomal changes:

1. translocation

2. deletion

3. inversion

4. aneuploidy

5. duplication

The above figure represents which of the following chromosomal changes:

1. aneuploidy

2. duplication

3. inversion

4. translocation

5. deletion

The above figure represents which of the following chromosomal changes:

1. aneuploidy

2. inversion

3. translocation

4. deletion

5. duplication

Downs Syndrome

Nondisjunction of the 21st chromosomal pair

Galactosemia

Autosomal recessive inheritance; lactose metabolism is blocked

Red-green color blindness

X-Linked recessive inheritance

Hemophilia A

X-Linked recessive inheritance

Turners Syndrome

Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes

Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and aBCdEF are located on nonhomologous chromosomes. Crossing over between them is suppressed because their locations are the result of this.

translocation

Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and AEDCBF are located on homologous chromosomes. Crossing over between them is suppressed because of this.

Inversion

A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows:

species X is alanine, glycine, glycine, threonine, alanine

species Y is alanine, glycine, threonine, alanine

species Z is alanine, valine, glycine, threonine, alanine

The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Y is most likely due to this.

deletion

A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows:

species X is alanine, valine, threonine, alanine

species Y is alanine, glycine, threonine, alanine

species Z is alanine, valine, glycine, threonine, alanine

The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Z is most likely due to this.

addition

The nucleotide sequences of homologous regions of DNA of two species are AATGCCCCGTTA and AATGCCCCGCTTA. If this is not the result of a nucleotide base-pair addition, then it is most likely the result of this.

deletion

For this disorder, both a phenotypic cure and a genotypic cure are potentially possible.

This disorder is an autosomal recessive disorder.

Galactosemia

This disorder is an X-linked recessive trait.

Hemophilia A

This disorder is also known as trisomy 21.

Down Syndrome

This disorder is due to a sex chromosome abnormality probably caused by nondisjunction of sex chromosomes at meiosis.

Turner Syndrome

The Hardy-Weinberg equation is p2 + pq + q2 = 1.0

1. True

2. False

2. False

Which statement is true regarding trichomoniasis infection?

It is caused by a protozoan.

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Figure 41.13A

The disease acquired from the mother during childbirth shown in the above infant photograph is caused by ______.

chlamydia

Which birth control method is the most effective in protecting against sexually transmitted diseases?

Abstinence

The emergency contraceptive pill (morning after pill) is most effective when taken __________.

Immediately after intercourse

Spermatogenesis is governed by _____.

luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone

Sperm production is called ______.

spermatogenesis

The oviduct empties directly into the ____.

uterus

The corpus luteum secretes some ____ and a lot of ____ which readies the uterus for pregnancy.

estrogen; progesterone

Testosterone _____.

is responsible for the development of the male genitalia

The position of gonads varies in different animal groups. An octopus has gonads _____.

on the back of its head

This cell becomes the mature egg only after fertilization in humans.

Secondary oocyte

This cell is the first sex cell stage to be in the haploid state.

Secondary oocyte

This cell contains a haploid set of chromosomes but will never be fertilized; often disintegrates and is reabsorbed in the body.

Polar body

This diploid germ cell produces primary oocytes by mitosis.

Oogonium

Human females are born with about 2 million of these cells that entered meiosis but stopped in prophase I.

Primary oocyte

Paired lungs are characteristic of ______.

all birds

Which of the following is true regarding some insect tracheal systems?

Their spiracles function like stomata in plants, opening for gas exchange and closing to conserve water.

Which of the following respiratory adaptations evolved independently in several groups of aquatic invertebrates?

Gills

What is characteristic of adult frog respiration?

Drawing in air by lowering their mouth floor

Air is continuously forced through tubes that thread through vascularized tissue in a pair of inelastic lungs in _______.

birds

Most of the carbon dioxide produced by the body is transported to the lungs ______.

in the form of bicarbonate

People who smoke both marijuana and tobacco have ______ respiratory problems than tobacco-only smokers.

more

Contraction of the diaphragm ______.

increases the volume of the thoracic cavity

Oxyhemoglobin contains _______.

oxygen bound reversibly to a heme group

What is hemoglobin?

An iron-containing respiratory protein

Which of the following components of the lung secretes a lubricating substance that allows the lung tissues to separate when inflated?

Alveolar epithelium

Through acclimatization at low high altitude, the body makes long-term adjustments in which of the following?

Cardiac output

Which of the following is true regarding hemoglobin?

It contains iron.

https://blackboard.wcccd.edu/courses/1/78123_Fall-2018_BIO-155/ppg/cognero/Chapter_38_Online_Homework/media/2b801ddf-2144-45af-a880-f0762bef2626.PNG

Figure 38.17

Use the figure above to answer the following question. At what partial pressure of oxygen do half the heme groups in human blood have bound oxygen?

30 mm Hg

Which of the following is not associated with pneumonia?

An inhaled allergen

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Figure 36.2A

Circulation in the above diagram functions primarily as a(n) ______.

open circulatory system

Blood pressure is highest in the _____.

arteries

_______ is known as a cardiac pacemaker.

SA node

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Figure 36.6

Use the figure above to answer the following question.

The anatomical structure identified with the letter "R" in the figure above is the ______.

cardiac muscle

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Figure 36.17

The anatomical structure shown in the accompanying figure is of ______.

venous valves

Which of these statements about hypertension is true?

Poor diet and lack of regular exercise puts one at increased risk.

In an open circulatory system, the fluid pumped is called ______.

hemolymph

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Figure 36.6

Use the figure above to answer the following question.

The anatomical structure identified with the letter "D" in the accompanying figure is the ____.

right atrium

Which vein carries blood that has passed through the small intestine to the liver?

Hepatic portal vein

A typical systolic pressure for a normal adult is ______.

120 mm Hg

All vertebrates except ______ have a two-circuit circulatory system.

fish

Animals that have no circulatory system, such as flatworms, rely on _______to deliver nutrients and gases to their tissues.

diffusion

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Figure 36.6

Use the figure above to answer the following question.

The anatomical structure identified with the letter "H" in the accompanying figure is the ____.

inferior vena cava

One important function of the lymphatic system is to ________.

deliver fats absorbed from food in the small intestine to the blood

At rest, veins hold about ______ percent of the body's blood.

60

What is the most abundant protein in the human body?

Collagen

Which organ in the human body has the largest surface area?

Skin