AICE English Language A Term Review
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69 Terms
Which stage does language development begin?
Prepartum (before birth) stage
Babies are believed to recognize the language they heard during which part of pregnancy?
Early pregnancy
What was shown by the 2013 study that monitored newborns pacifier usage?
Babies have the ability to understand their mother’s native language
At what age does a baby typically produce its first smile
6 weeks
What is caretaker language?
Simple speech style used by caregivers
Cooing sounds such as “ooh” and “ahh” typically begin around what age?
6 weeks
Reduplication of sounds such as “baba” or “gaga” signifies which development stage?
Babbling stage What type of consonant sounds are first developed during early language acquisition?
What type of consonant sounds are first developed during early language acquisition?
Plosive
What did the 2009 German study reveal about newborn cries?
Cries are language specific
In the holophrastic stage, a single word may express...
A complete idea
During the holophrastic state, a child’s lexis typically consists of..
200 words
Which of these is an example of a plosive sound?
P and B
Gestures paired with words during the holophrastic stage help...
Caregivers understand the child’s intent
During the halfway point of which stage does a child start using two words together like “train go”?
Holophrastic stage
What is over extension?
Using a word too broadly
What is an under extension
Narrow context usage of a term
By what age do children typically acquire about 2000 words
around the age of 5
The term “telegraphic speech” refers to…
Short, meaningful utterances that lack auxiliary words
Which of the following would be an example of holophrastic speech?
“Want cookie”
The 1960 Berko and Brown study showed…
Children recognize correct pronunciation even if they can’t produce the sound
From age two, children begin narrating their actions aloud, This is known as…
Monologues
what is a virtuous error?
Errors showing application of correct grammar rules
Which stage involves connecting ideas using conjunctions like “and” and “but” ?
Post-telegraphic stage
Hypernyms are…
Names for categories
An example of hypernym is…
Chair
Hyponyms are…
Specific items within categories
Which example shows hyponym for “cutlery”?
Fork
Idioms are…
Phrases with generally understood meanings
Children begin to understand idioms typically between..
Ages 3-5
What do children often mix up during the post-telegraphic stage?
Homophones
A child recognizing differences between “hot” and “cold” shows an understanding of..
Constrasting concepts
Children’s ability to ask proper questions and form negations improves during…
Post-telegraphic
Cognitive development significantly impacts language during…
Post-telegraphic
Which linguistic feature is typically seen in the post-telegraphic stage?
Coordinating conjunctions
What developmental stage continues after age three?
Telegraphic
What aids vocabulary growth the most in young children
Social interactions
What is an example of a virtuous error?
Saying “runned” instead of ran
Conjuctions are learned during which stage?
Post-telegraphic
Which concept involves saying “shoes” to refer only a a child’s own shoes
Underextension
Monologues in children typically begin around…
2 years
Which stage focuses heavily on discourse patterns and narrative development?
Post-telegraphic stage
A characteristic of the telegraphic stage is…
Short but meaningful phrases
Which theorist is associated with classical conditioning?
Pavlov
Who proposed the concept of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
Chomsky
The idea that social interactions and adult guidance are essential for learning was suggested by…
Vygotsky
What does the Language Acquisition Support System (LASS) emphasize?
Social support for language learning
Which stages are part of Plaget’s cognitive development theory?
Sensorimmotor stage (0-2 years)
Preoperational stage (2-7 years)
Concrete operational stage (7-11 years)
Formal operational stage (+12 years)
Who emphasized reinforcement in language acquisition?
Skinner
A limitation of the LAD theory is that…
Ignores social interaction
Vygostksy’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) represents…
The gap between what is known and can be learned with support
Which stage marks the ability to think abstractly according to Piaget
Formal Operational
The term “egocentric” refers to….
Focusing on oneself
One of the limitations of LASS is that it focuses heavily on language learning between ages…
2-5 years old
Piaget believed that learning occurs through..
Independent exploration
Skinner’s theory is based on…
Imitation and reinforcement
Bruner’s theory suggests that language development is…
Supports by caregivers and interaction
The concept of “conservation” involves…
Understanding quantities remain constant
Which theory emphasizes that language learning happens alongside cognitive development?
Piaget
The pattern of Initiation-Response-Feedback (IRF) was proposed by..
Vygotsky
Which of the following is true according to Vygotsky’s ideas
Teachers should play an active role in learning
Functional Theory
Purpose of lang. is to function in life
Lang. changes as society evolves
Shortening/abbreviation exist for efficiency
Cultural Transmission Theory
New lang. change comes from engagement from ppl within that culture/society
Substratum Theory
Non-native speakers learn another language imperfectly + it becomes “correct”
(Ex) “like” as a filler
One variety of ENG affects another variety
Theory of Lexical Gaps
A work coined or borrowed because of a gap in our language
Tree + Wave Model
Studies social + geographical spread of language
Tree - Traces language back to roots
Wave - Traces lang. from center
Pidgin
A simplified mix of languages, used to communicate between people who do not share the same language.
Amelioration
Process of a word becoming more positive overtime
Pejoration
By which a word develops a negative meaning over time
Coinage
The creation of a new word which ppl start to use