Dental Theraputic & Med Emergencies- Ch 29- COMPLETED/WITH TERMS

For test

oral health conditions

Xerostomia= dry mouth

periodontal disease= (gum disease) is a common inflammatory condition that affects the gums and the bones supporting the teeth

Tooth decay= (dental caries) is a common chronic disease that affects the teeth. It occurs when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that dissolve the minerals in the teeth, leading to cavities. 

Dark and Brittle teeth= Caused by poor dental care. Brittle teeth are teeth with weakened enamel, the hard outer layer of the tooth, that are prone to chipping, cracking, and breaking. Dark teeth often signifies an underlying dental problem, such as tooth decay, internal trauma, internal infection, or even dead tissue inside the tooth

Bone resorption= bone resorption is a process where specialized cells called osteoclasts break down bone tissue and release its minerals (like calcium) into the bloodstream

Neuromuscular Disorders

Muscle Dystrophy

Parkinson

Cerebral Palsy

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Arthritis

Muscular Dystrophy

The progressive deterioration and weakening of the skeletal muscles, eventually fatal due to the onset of infectious and respiratory diseases and pulmonary dysfunction.

Parkinson’s Disease

Motor system disorder resulting in the loss of dopamine-producing cells

FOUR PRIMARY STMPTOMS:

Tremors in legs, hands, arms, jaw, and face

stiffness in the limbs and trunk

slowness of movement

Impaired balance and coordination

Cerebral Palsy

Group of nonprogressive neuromuscular disorders caused by brain damage. it that affects the movement, muscle tone, and posture due to damage to the developing brain. 

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig’s disease

A degenerative nervous system disease

Arthritis

Older ppl are likely to have chronic progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints

this disorder causes the joints to become inflamed and in pain

Two most common types:

Rheumatoid arthritis-pain, stiffness, swelling

Osteoarthritis-older patients, joints inflamed/painful

Cardiovascular Disorders

Congestive heart failure

Hypertension

Angina

Endocarditis

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A condition in which the heart can not pump enough blood to the body’s other organs

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

The result of the heart having to work harder as it pumps against resistance such as that provided by a blocked artery

Major factors associated with hypertension include:

Stress

Age

Heredity

Smoking

Obesity

Angina

A decrease in blood supply to the heart muscle causes a sharp pain in the chest

Angina is a sign that the patient is at risk for a heart attack

Medication used to treat angina attack is Nitroglycerin tabs or spray.

Endocarditis

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) caused by a bacterial or fungal infection.

• Cardiac disease and/or prosthetic replacements convey an increased risk for bacteria to be carried in the blood system

• A severe infection of the cardiac valves and supporting structures

• Caused by bloodborne pathogens that gain entry to the bloodstream by the mouth and gastrointestinal tract

 Pulmonary Disorders

Disorders that affect the lungs and are characterized by airway obstruction

Allergies

Body reacts to an antigen

Patient take an over-the-counter medication or a prescribed medication that reduces the symptoms of the allergy

If the reaction goes beyond this type of management, the allergy becomes a life-threatening emergency

Clinical Considerations for Allergies

1: Complete a thorough medical history to determine specific allergens

2: Pay special attention to latex and dental material use

3: Have Epinephrine stick available for possible emergency

Bronchial Asthma

commonly known as asthma, is a chronic inflammatory lung condition characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough

Clinical Considerations for Bronchial Asthma

Minimize stress

Shorten appointments and to use sedation techniques

Use of epinephrine and aspirin should be minimized

Endocrine Disorders

Hyperthyroidism: Overactive thyroid gland has Graves' disease

Hypothyroidism: Thyroid gland is underactive and produces fewer hormones than usual

Diabetes Mellitus

A disorder of the metabolism, the way the body uses digested food for energy.

There are 2 categories:

• Type 1 Diabetes: known as Juvenile Diabetes, body does not make insulin, usually in children.

• Type 2 Diabetes: Adult Onset

alzheimer’s

a form of progressive mental deterioration that occurs in middle to old age

anemia

a defeciancy of RBCs or hemoglobin’s in the blood, resulting of paleness and weakness

angina

severe chest pain associated with an insufficient supply of blood to the heart

arthritis

inflammation of a joint or many joints, resulting in pain and swelling

asthma

respiratory disease often associated with allergies, causes sudden occurring attacks of labored breathing, coughing, and chest constrictions

atrophy

wasting away/deteriorating

bacteremia

bacteria in blood

bronchitis

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes

dementia

a mental disorder that causes memory loss, concentration, and judgement

diabetes mellitus

metabolic disorder that causes high blood glucose and insufficient insulin produced by the body

emphysema

abnormal increase in the size of the air spaces in the lungs, resulting in the labored breathing and an increase risk of infection

endocarditis

inflammation of the endocardium (lining of the heart)

epilepsy

neurologic disorder with sudden reoccurring seizers of motor, sensory, and physic malfunctions

hemophilia

blood coagulation disorder in which blood fails to clot normally

hyperglycemia

condition when the blood glucose level is too high and the body is not properly using or making insulin

hyperthyroidism

the excessive activity of the thyroid gland

hypoglycemia

very low level of blood glucose

hypothyroidism

thyroid hormone insufficiency

leukemia

blood cancer, when the bone marrow produces an increased number of immature/abnormal white blood cells

myocardial infraction

damage occurs to the muscle tissue of the heart

seizures

an electrical disturbance in the brain causing spasms and convulsion

stroke

a sudden lose of brain function caused by blockages or ruptures of a blood vessel to the brain

xerostomia

dry mouth