Psychology Openstax Chapter 7.4 & 7.5

General approach

Not specific; just general intelligence

G-factor (by Charles Spearman)

general intelligence

1) Crystallized intelligence (by Raymond Cattell)

characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it ex: general facts

2) Fluid intelligence (by Raymond Cattell)

ability to see complex relationships and solve problems ex:reasoning ability

1) Practical Intelligence (by Robert Sternberg)

aka "street smarts"

2) Creative Intelligence (by Robert Sternberg)

ability to produce new products, ideas, or inventing a new, novel solution to a

problem ex: think outside the box

3) Analytical Intelligence (by Robert Sternberg)

aligned with academic problem solving and computations ex:book smarts

1) Linguistic Intelligence (by Howard Gardner)

High verbal abilities ex: writer

2) Logical-mathematical (by Howard Gardner)

High mathematical skills ex: engineer

3) Spatial (by Howard Gardner)

Visualize things in 3-D ex: architect

4) Body-kinesthetic (by Howard Gardner)

Use and manipulate body ex: gymnast

5) Musical (by Howard Gardner)

Good at music ex: musician

6) Intra-Personal (by Howard Gardner)

Insightful; in tune with emotion ex: therapist

7) Inter-Personal (by Howard Gardner)

Good at figuring out people, read people, connect ex: Opra

8) Naturalist (by Howard Gardner)

In tune with nature, world, and environment ex: firefighter

Emotional Intelligence

ability to understand emotions and motivations in yourself and others

Creativity

ability to generate, create, or discover new ideas, solutions, and possibilities

Divergent thinking

ability to think "outside the box" to arrive at novel solutions to a problem

Sternberg

This theorist believes intelligence is made up of three components: the analytical, practical, and creative

Spearman

According to this theorist, intelligence is a general overall ability

Cattell

This theorists suggest intelligence consists of crystallized and fluid intelligence

Gardner

This theorist proposed eight human intelligence's, which are largely independent

General; Intelligence tests

IQ tests

Aptitude tests

Predict how well do in a field ex :M-Cat or Kaplan exam

Achievement tests

Measure how well master material ex: exams

Mensa

Group of people with IQ 130+

Reliability

Consistent results ex: scale always shows weight

Validity

Accurately measure what it claims to measure ex: scale measures weight not height

Reliability

Professor Charles develops a test to measure aptitude for selling computers. A correlation of +.82 is found between applications score on tests. Thus, the test appears to have reasonable:

Validity

After 6 months of selling computers, the applicants test scores are correlated with the dollar value of computers sold. The correlation is -.21 suggesting the test may lack:

Standardization

method of testing in which administration, scoring, and interpretation of results are

consistent

The bell curve

Normal curve; distribution of scores taken from a large sample

Standard deviation

measure of variability that describes the difference between a set of scores and their

mean

Percentile Scores

Percentage of scores in its frequency distribution that are equal to or lower than it

Alfred Binet

Came up with a set of tests for children who could benefit from special programs ex: gave children a mental age

Lewis Terman

Took Alfred Binet test and revised it for U.S students

David Weshcler

Alternative IQ test b/c last test was heavily linguistic; discriminated on non-natives

Bias

Shown in intelligence test because of cultural and socioeconomic factors

Intellectually disabled

IQ of 70 or below; 2% of population

Intellectually Gifted

IQ of 140 or above; 1% of population