Hollander, J. (2005) (5, Traditional approaches and women’s victimization, definition of violence resistance)

Impact of Traditional Approaches

Focus on violence and victimization often leads to despair and hopelessness among students.

Consequences of Emphasizing Victimization

Can disempower students and deepen fears, making violence seem inevitable.

Lack of Balance in Violence Discussions

Often focuses on oppression rather than resistance and agency.

Definition of Resistance

Inherent in violence because it is unwanted.

Forms of Resistance

Physical actions (running, kicking), cognitive strategies (safety measures), emotional protection (inner self preservation).

Women’s Resistance and Stereotypes

Demonstrates strength and courage, contrary to stereotypes of passivity.

Importance of Focusing on Resistance

Counters myths of female vulnerability and demonstrates women's power and agency.

Cultural Narratives on Women’s Resistance

Often erase or diminish women's successful acts of self-defense.

Individual Resistance Rates

At least 75% of attempted sexual assaults are successfully resisted.

Physical Resistance and Risk of Injury

Generally does not increase the risk of injury.

Battered Women’s Strategies

Use creative strategies to resist and escape abuse.

Collective Resistance

Grassroots activism leading to legal and societal changes.

Recognition of Issues

Includes acquaintance rape, marital rape, and stalking.

Establishment of Support Services

Crisis centers, shelters, and hotlines.

Policies from Collective Action

Includes mandatory arrest laws and victimless prosecution.

Course Content Theme Integration

Integrate theme of resistance from the first day.

Weekly Reading Assignments

Focus on individual and collective resistance, empowerment, and coping.

Role of Guest Speakers

Focus on prevention, resistance, and social change.

Purpose of Self-Defense Classes

Empower students with emotional, verbal, and physical self-defense strategies.

Alternatives to Violence Discussions

Showcases strengths, reduces feelings of despair, and fosters hope.

Collective and Individual Resistance

Illustrate potential for significant social change.

Reflection Importance

Understanding violence and resistance fosters empowerment.

Highlighting Resistance

Expands narrative beyond victimization, offering hope and strategies.