APUSH AMSCO 7.7-7.9

Welfare Capitalism

An approach to labor relations in which companies meet some of their workers' needs without prompting by unions, thus preventing strikes and keeping productivity high

Why was the 21st amendment passed?

it ended a failed social experiment and stopped a curve on gangsters who profited from bootlegging

Examples of opposition to immigration

Quota Acts and the Sacco & Venzetti cases

Quota Acts

limited immigration during 1920s, especially from southern and eastern Europe

Sacco and Vanzetti Case

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree; Mass. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence; many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities.

What made the KKK attractive post-WWI?

Birth of a Nation framed the KKK as heroes.

Why did the KKK fall off?

The leader was convicted of murder

Gertrude Stein "Lost Generation"

one of the writers who moved to Europe because they were annoyed with the American culture. She coined a term for this time in American (name and term)

Examples of the Lost Generation

F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis

Sigmund Freud

Encouraged premarital sex; Indirectly supported by Margaret Sanger

Women post WWI

Women gained the right to vote, and it became more acceptable to work outside the home. Importantly, they gained more independence through divorce legalization.

Flapper Look

Young women shocked their elders by wearing dress hemmed at the knee, bobbing their hair, smoking cigarettes, and driving cars. High school and colleges graduates took office jobs until they married, but when they married they were forced to abandon the flapper look.

What was a new American goal?

Universal High School Education

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished. E.g. Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong

Warren Harding

29th president of the US; Republican; "Return to Normalcy" (life as it had been before WWI-peace, isolation); presidency was marred by scandal

Harding Domestic Policy

he approved a reduction in income tax, an increase in tariff rates

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

This tariff rose the rates on imported goods in the hopes that domestic manufacturing would prosper. This prevented foreign trade, which hampered the economy since Europe could not pay its debts if it could not trade.

Teapot Dome

Scandal during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil-drilling rights on government land in return for money

Who succeeds Harding?

Calvin Coolidge

Why was Coolidge called Silent Cal?

He believed if you don't say anything, you wouldn't be held to that word.

Election of 1924

Coolidge wins vs. new progressives' La Follette

Election of 1928

Republican: Herbert Hoover and Democrat: Al Smith. Republicans identified themselves with the booming economy of the 1920s, and Smith's campaign, because Smith was a Roman Catholic, was not as successful because of Anti-Catholic prejudice. Hoover won in a landslide victory

Causes of 1929 Crash

Business Failure; Unemployment; Wall Street Crash; Black Thursday and Tuesday

Black Thursday and Tuesday

days that the stock market crashed; Oct. 24 and 29, 1928

Causes of the Great Depression

credit buying, overproduction, less consumer spending, falling stocks

"Buying on Margin"

paying a small percentage of a stock's price as a down payment and borrowing the rest

Effects of the Great Depression

Nation income more than halves; Poverty and Homelessness increase

What did Hoover do during the Great Depression?

tried to reassure Americans that the economy was on a sound footing, fearing destroying self-reliance

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Passed by Hoover: charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliation

Debt Moratorium

Freeze International Debts

Farm Board

Created in 1929 before the crash but supported and enacted to meet the economic crisis and help farmers. Authorized to help farmers stabilize prices by temporarily holding surplus grain and cotton in storage.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Agency established in 1932 to provide emergency relief to large businesses, insurance companies, and banks.

Unrest on the Farms

Farms wanted to stop banks from foreclosing farms

Post WWI Standard of living

Improved greatly because of indoor plumbing and central heating

Causes of economic prosperity post WWI

Frederick W Taylor's scientific management; Henry Ford's perfected car manufacturing; Tax Cuts; New consumer appliances.

Scientific Management

the application of scientific principles to increase efficiency in the workplace

How did Henry Ford perfect car manufacturing?

Through the assembly line.

Who was left out of economic prosperity post WWI?

Farmers

Open Shop

A company with a labor agreement under which union membership cannot be required as a condition of employment.

Art Deco

Art style of the 1920s and 1930s based on modern materials and repetitive geometric patterns.

What invention caused media to benefit greatly?

Radio

What is the impact of phonographs?

Made jazz huge and available to public

Charles Lindbergh

United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)

Modernism

A cultural movement embracing science

Fundamentalism

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect).

Revivalists

Fundamentalists but on radio

Who were revivalists?

Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson

Scopes Trial

1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools

Prohibition

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

Volstead Act

Bill passed by Congress to enforce the language of the 18th Amendment. This bill made the manufacture and distribution of alcohol illegal within the borders of the United States.

What did Al Capone do?

Defied prohibition- known as Organized Crime

21st Amendment

Repeal of Prohibition

Bonus March

Event when nearly 17,000 veterans marched on Washington in 1932, to demand the military bonuses that they had been promised

automobile

by 1929 almost all americans had one. Auto production replaced the railroad industry as the key promoter of economic growth. Other industries—steel, glass, rubber, gasoline, and highway construction—depended on automobile sales. In social terms, the automobile affected all that Americans did: commuting to work, traveling for pleasure, shopping, even dating. Some changes were negative, such as traffic jams in cities and injuries and deaths on roads. Many people disliked the independence cars gave young people. They blamed the automobile, “a bordello on wheels,” for a breakdown of morals.

industrial design + art deco

created functional products from toasters

to locomotives that had aesthetic appeal.

Many skyscrapers, such as the Chrysler

and Empire State buildings in New York,

were built in the Art Deco style, which

captured modernist simplification of

forms while using machine age materials.

mass media

a term coined in the 1920s with the advent of nationwide radio networks, mass-circulation newspapers and magazines

networks

developed that helped broadcast radio programs to multiple station

movie industry

• movie stars such as Greta Garbo and Rudolf Valentino

• Elaborate movie theater “palaces” were built

• introduction of talking (sound) pictures in 1927

popular music

jazz, blues, classical, “American standards” by composers such as Irving Berlin.

popular heros

before: people admired William Jennings Bryan, Theodore Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson as heroic figures.

new age of radio + movies new viewpoint:

• heavyweight boxer Jack Dempsey

• swimming records of Gertrude Ederle,

• touchdowns scored by Jim Thorpe

• home runs hit by Babe Ruth

• golf tournaments won by Bobby Jones.

aviation

improved airplane tech, distance and speed records broken, crowds threw parades to greet pilots. charles lindberg flew across atlantic to paris 1927

Ku Klux Klan