Home
Explore
Exams
Search for anything
Login
Get started
Home
Social Studies
GCSE History
OCR A
South Africa 1960—1994: The People and the State
0.0
(0)
Rate it
View linked note
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Card Sorting
1/29
Earn XP
Description and Tags
World History
Imperialism
GCSE History
OCR A
Add tags
Study Analytics
All
Learn
Practice Test
Matching
Spaced Repetition
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
No study sessions yet.
30 Terms
View all (30)
Star these 30
1
New cards
Apartheid
A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination enforced by the National Party government from 1948 until the early 1990s.
2
New cards
Population Registration Act (1950)
Law that classified South Africans by race.
3
New cards
Group Areas Act (1950)
Legislation that designated specific areas for different racial groups.
4
New cards
Pass Laws
Laws that required black South Africans to carry passbooks to enter white areas.
5
New cards
Bantu Education Act (1953)
Law that created a segregated education system with inferior resources for black students.
6
New cards
Separate Amenities Act (1953)
Law that enforced segregation of public facilities.
7
New cards
Separate Development
Policy enforcing racial segregation through legislation.
8
New cards
Bantustans
Designated areas for black South Africans, intended to be self-governing but controlled by the South African government.
9
New cards
ANC (African National Congress)
The main opposition group against apartheid, advocating for racial equality.
10
New cards
Freedom Charter (1955)
Document calling for a non-racial, democratic South Africa.
11
New cards
Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)
The armed wing of the ANC, launched sabotage campaigns.
12
New cards
Poqo
Armed wing of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), known for its militant and radical approach.
13
New cards
Rivonia Trial (1963–1964)
Trial where key leaders of the ANC, including Nelson Mandela, were sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage.
14
New cards
Black Consciousness Movement
Led by Steve Biko, this movement emphasized psychological liberation and black pride.
15
New cards
SASO (South African Students' Organization)
Promoted Black Consciousness among students.
16
New cards
Soweto Uprising (1976)
Student protests against the imposition of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction, met with police violence.
17
New cards
United Democratic Front (UDF)
Coalition of anti-apartheid groups that organized mass protests and strikes.
18
New cards
Tricameral Parliament (1983)
Created separate legislative bodies for whites, coloreds, and Indians, excluding black South Africans.
19
New cards
State of Emergency (1985–1990)
Period marked by increased military presence, curfews, detention without trial, and censorship.
20
New cards
FW de Klerk
Last apartheid-era president who initiated reforms and negotiations leading to the end of apartheid.
21
New cards
Nelson Mandela
Key leader of the ANC, released from prison in 1990, and pivotal in the negotiations to end apartheid.
22
New cards
Cyril Ramaphosa
Key negotiator for the ANC during the transition period.
23
New cards
First Free Elections (1994)
Elections where the ANC won the majority, and Nelson Mandela became the first black president of South Africa.
24
New cards
Sharpeville Massacre (1960)
Police opened fire on a peaceful protest against pass laws, killing 69 people and injuring 180.
25
New cards
Durban Workers' Strike (1973)
Significant labor strike that mobilized workers and increased resistance to apartheid.
26
New cards
CODESA (Convention for a Democratic South Africa)
Negotiations between the government, ANC, and other political groups that laid the groundwork for a new democratic constitution.
27
New cards
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Body established to address past human rights violations.
28
New cards
Economic Sanctions
International measures that targeted South Africa's economy to pressure the government to end apartheid.
29
New cards
Inkatha Freedom Party
Zulu nationalist movement led by Mangosuthu Buthelezi, involved in significant violence and conflict with ANC supporters.
30
New cards
Black Economic Empowerment (BEE)
Policies implemented post-1994 to address economic inequality created by apartheid.