Transcription and Translation in Protein Synthesis

Flashcards covering the processes of transcription and translation in protein synthesis.

Transcription

The process where DNA is copied into RNA (mRNA).

RNA polymerase

The enzyme that reads DNA and creates a complementary mRNA strand.

mRNA

Messenger RNA; it is the working copy of the DNA used in protein synthesis.

Translation

The process where mRNA is used to make proteins.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that read mRNA and synthesize proteins from amino acids.

Codons

Sequences of three bases on mRNA that specify particular amino acids.

tRNA

Transfer RNA; it brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Where does transcription occur?

In the nucleus of human cells.

Where does translation occur?

In the cytoplasm, specifically at the ribosomes.