Evolution and Diversity of Multicellular Organisms (#15)

Flashcards covering the concepts of plant evolution, structure, and reproduction based on lecture notes.

What challenges might algae and early land plants experience in transitioning from water to land?

Desiccation resistance, structural support, and water management.

What advantages do early land plants gain from transitioning to land?

Photosynthetic efficiency, phototropism, and light competition.

What is an advantage of roots in vascular plants?

Roots anchor plants in soil, absorb water and nutrients, and store food reserves.

What is the function of stems in vascular plants?

Stems provide support and structure, transport water and nutrients, and connect roots to leaves.

What is the primary role of leaves in vascular plants?

Leaves are the site for photosynthesis, converting light to chemical energy.

What is a key adaptation of seed plants?

Seeds provide protection for embryos and improve reproductive success.

How do gymnosperms reproduce differently from non-seed plants like mosses?

Gymnosperms use pollen to transport male gametophytes, allowing them to reproduce without reliance on water.

What impact did seedless vascular plants have on Earth during the Carboniferous period?

They contributed to a decrease in atmospheric CO2 levels, leading to global cooling and the formation of glaciers.

What mechanisms do flowering plants employ to attract pollinators?

Flowers attract pollinators through various rewards, such as nectar and timing their availability.

What defines angiosperms compared to other groups of plants?

Angiosperms are characterized by producing flowers and fruits.