Diuretics & Sympatholytics

diuretics MOA

increase Na & H2O excretion in kidneys

indications for diuretic use

hypertension or heart failure

types of diuretics

thiazides, loop diuretics (furosemide), potassium sparing agents (sprionolactone)

adverse effects of diuretics

fluid depletion (electrolyte imbalances)

if a pt is on diuretics, as a PT watch out for

orthostatic hypotension, weakness/fatigue, confusion/mood changes

sympatholytics (beta blockers) MOA

bind to heart, block effects of catecholamines

sympatholytics (beta blockers) decrease HR & contraction force & can also produce a

more general decrease in sympathetic responses

indications for beta blockers

hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, heart failure, recovery from MI

other indications to use beta blockers

migraines, Reynauds disease, situational anxiety

what are common cardioselective beta blockers?

atenolol, metoprolol

what are common nonselective beta blockers?

pindolol, propranolol

what determines if a beta blocker is selective or not?

its affinity for the beta-1 receptor (mostly on heart)

beta-2 receptors are predominantly found on the

lungs

adverse effects of beta blockers

bronchoconstriction (esp nonselective, asthma, COPD)

orthostatic hypotension

psychotropic effects (depression, lethargy, decreased libido)

↓ max HR (max exercise capacity)

what drug’s MOA blocks alpha receptors on arterials?

alpha blockers (doxazosin, prazosin)

what drug MOA inhibits release NE in arterials?

presynaptic adrenergic inhibitors (reserpine)

what drugs reduces sympathetic drive in brainstem, medulla, & pons?

centrally-acting agents (clonidine, methyldopa)

what drugs MOA blocks transmission in sympathetic chain ganglia & are used in hypertensive crisis?

ganglionic blockers (mecamylamine, trimethaphan)