GMT20250128-192408_Recording

Restriction Enzymes

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the manipulation of DNA molecules.

Plasmid

A small circular piece of DNA that can replicate independently and is often used as a vector to insert foreign genes into bacteria.

cDNA (complementary DNA)

A form of DNA synthesized from a messenger RNA (mRNA) template through the process of reverse transcription.

DNA ligase

An enzyme that joins two DNA fragments together by forming a phosphodiester bond.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA, generating millions of copies.

Monoclonal Antibody

Antibodies produced from a single clone of a B-cell, specific to one epitope on an antigen.

Antigen

Any substance that can induce an immune response, often by binding to antibodies.

Antibody

A protein produced by B-cells that can specifically bind to an antigen.

Immunoprecipitation

A technique used to purify a particular protein from a sample using an antibody specific to that protein.

Western Blot

A method used to detect specific proteins in a sample using gel electrophoresis followed by transfer to a membrane and probing with antibodies.

Transfection

The process of deliberately introducing nucleic acids into cells to study gene function.

Nucleus

The membrane-bound structure within a cell that contains genetic material.

B-cell differentiation

The process by which B-cells develop into plasma cells that produce antibodies.

Epitopes

Specific parts of an antigen that antibodies recognize and bind to.

Gel Electrophoresis

A method for separating DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge.

Transgenic Organisms

Organisms that have been genetically modified to contain a gene from another species.

Electroporation

A technique used to introduce substances into cells using an electric field to increase the permeability of the cell membrane.