religion lll - the inquisition

why would the church not be in favor of those civil measurements taken against heresy?

by giving them a fair trial, they were given the opportunity to repent and reconcile; the church would burn people at the stake for heresy

why did civil authorities regard themselves as political arms of the church

they believed they were divinely appointed to assist and preserve the christian world

what did king peter of Aragon have to say about the heretics

violators of the christian law needed to be punished like violators of the human law

why were christian rulers so interested in protecting the faith

to bring unity

what did the christian emperors believe to be one of their chief duties against heresy and how did they follow through

to protect the orthodoxy of the church; use political and military power to do this

what was the inquisition and what was its true objective

church courts that worked with civil courts to examine persons accused of heresy, the true objective was to provide a fair trial for the accused heretics

why is it better for the church to conduct the inquires rather than civil law doing so

church would provide fair-trial, church offered repentance whereas civil law punishing them severely

why did the inquisition begin

reaction to Albigensianism

which group was the initial target of the inquisition and where were they located

Albigensians southern france-- scattered throughout europe

how was Albigensianism bad for individuals, future generations, and civil society?

attacked society on all levels bc didn't follow religious or civil laws

which pope called a crusade against the heretics? how did he justify this

innocent III; they were protecting and defending chrisitanity

why were these heretics particularly dangerous (2 reasons)

-did not support procreation
-didn't follow government rules

define tribunal

a court of justice

define inquisitors

special judges, appointed by the pope, who examined and judged the doctrinal opinions and moral conduct of suspicious individuals

which pope established the inquisition and why

gregory IX; protect, define, and get rid of heresy

how did the pope set up the rules for the inquisitors? what were their requirements

be under papal authority as well as their own diocesan bishop

which 2 religious orders were involved with the inquisition and why

Dominicans and Franciscans
better educated, lifestyles more balanced

what qualities must an inquisitor have

good judgement, strong desire to protect faith, open to advice, good temper, compassionate, some knowledge of faith

what should be the last resort for an inquisition and why

saying guilty; violence upon anyone; civil authorities would punish them

define "term of grace"

period of time in which ppl were given to confess voluntarily their sins-specifically heresy without fear of punishment

how was this used by the inquisitors

allowed a person to come forward on their own rather than be accused

who was Simon de Montfort? what was his role in regards to these heretics

had army and went into battle with Albigensian heretics under innocent III---asks St. Dominic for help-told them to pray the rosary and go to mass-they won- in thanksgiving St. Dominic built chapel

what was the range of punishment if one was found guilty

doing good works, building churches, isolation, embarrassment of wearing bright colored cross

how was imprisonment views if not really a punishment

process of reconciliation and isolation to remove heretics from society

according to the oxford dictionary of the christian church, what was the average number of deaths per year

3 deaths per year for crime of heresy

who was Count Raymond VII of Toulouse

secular judge-made heretics burn at the stake in front of him- very harsh

how did the ppl of this time view the severity of punishments by the civil authorities

it was normal for them so they supported the punishment

why must we understand these events in the context in which they took place

if we take any events out of context, we judge them according to our standards, which is not right

when did Spanish authorities take over the inquisition

1480 under ferdinand and isabella

what were the spanish motives for the inquisition

investigate the conversos and to promote and retain spanish unity under a common christian religion

why would the Church not be in favor of those civil measures taken against heresy?

by giving them a just trial, they were given the opportunity to repent and reconcile; church knows more abt it. would burn ppl at the stake for heresy

why did civil authorities regard themselves as political arms of the church

they believed they were divinely appointed to assist and preserve the christian world

define "reconquista" and explain what role was played by the authorities in the inquisition

christian reconquering spain from muslim and jewish forces reuniting spanish territories/kingdoms in catholic faith. role was to investigate those accused of heresy and the conversos

how was the spanish inquisition different from those in other areas of europe

-worse and more cruel bc of civil authority in charge
-used to unite spain as a catholic nation after the reconquista
-examined the conversos if any heretics

why was the spanish inquisition so much worse

civil authorities were in charge instead of the church

who were the authorities that ruled spain

ferdinand and isabella

what group did the spanish inquisition mostly target

islamic muslims and jews (not christian in practices of faith)

what were the perceived and actual threats against spain at this time (what was the fear in regards to muslims and jews)

-muslim and jews militancy against Spain
-fear that muslim and jewish traits would seep into the nation religion as it did in other areas of society
-fear that religious confusion and civil unrest

who were the "conversos"

jewish and muslim converts to christianity

what was the usual punishment for those who did not convert

excommunication or exiled

which pope approved of the spanish inquisition

sixtus IV (believed real threat to Catholicism is Spain; issued a papal bull in Nov. 1478)

what requirements did he put in place for judges of the inquisition in spain

-at least 40 years old, of excellent reputation, renowned for virtue and wisdom, and that they possess specific degrees in theology and canon law
-authority over baptized christians only (civil authority was responsible for the persecution of non-christian jews and muslims)

what requirements did he put in place for judges of the

who were the first inquisitors of Seville? what were they doing that was unacceptable

Miguel Morillo and Juan de San Martin-torture, unjustifiable imprisonment, and seizure of executed prisoners' property

who was Fray Tomas Torquemada

grand inquisitor- developed the inquisition as it lasted until its abolition in 1834

once a person was found guilty--what was their recourse

40 days to formally renounce the accusation against him. some time got extended some not

what happened to false accusers

punished severely or executed

what was an "act of faith" and what did it include

mass, reconciliation of the accused and in some cases the pronouncement of punishment. public reconciliation

what can we learn from historical accounts about the spanish inquisition

naively defensive or wildly exaggerated (focused on protestant heresies in 1492)

what is the black legend

anti spanish smear campaign conducted by enemies of the spanish crown

why were secular officials so intent on using the power of the inquisition

civil officials use the church/religious for the sake of national unity

what was st. dominic's role in the spanish inquisition? what was his belief as to the conversion of those heretics

a papal inquisitor; believed in peaceful methods of persecution such as debating

what are the approximate statistics on the executions of accused heretics at this time

less than 2% of accused were put to death

what is the church's evaluation of use of torture in legal proceedings

no need for torture in the public realm , nor is it in conformity with the rights and dignity of the person

why did pope john paul II apologize for the inquisition

he acknowledged that some evils did take place in relation to the inquisition

after having a committee study the inquisitions-- what was his reply

formally asked for God's forgiveness for those behaving in non christian ways (called "errors committed in the service of truth"the church does need to repent for any actual wrong doing but not any false accusations)

a baptized christian who rejects some part of church teaching; one who professes the faith of Christ but corrupts its dogma

heretic

heresy that goes against core teachings of the church

Albigensianism

heresy that goes against core teachings of the church

Inquisition

the act of causing death painlessly, so as to end suffering

Euthanasia

europe

Albigensian
Heresy
papal inquisition
pope gregory IX
1232

spain

Reconquista
Conversos
Spanish Inquisition
Pope Sixtus IV--papal bull---Nov. 1478
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella----1480