A. Industry

Unemployment

Loss of job

Causes of unemployment from N&E tech

• Robots and computers taking over lower skill jobs → less need for manual input → unemployment for people with a lower workforce skillset job

Pros of unemployment by N&E

• Reduced cost long term

• Less errors

Cons of unemployment N&E

• People become jobless

Workforce skillset

Practical or vocational skills need to perform specialised tasks

Pros of workforce skillset for N&E

• Having a higher level workforce skillset keeps you employed and more useful to the production of N&E

Cons of the workforce skillset

• Lower level skillset can lead to unemployment as peoples jobs will be taken over by N&E

demographic movement

the shift in a country's population characteristics as it progresses through different stages of development

Causes of demographic movement

• urbanisation → increased job opportunities → people move to urban areas for job opportunities

• Economic downturn → unemployment → people leave to escape economic conditions

Pros of countries losing people

• Fewer people to house/ feed

• Extra income can be sent back home

• Reduced pressure on jobs/ resources

Cons of countries losing people

• Loss of young and most able people

• Loss of those with good education and skills

• Families being divided

Pros of countries gaining people

• Labour shortages can be overcome

• Migrants often prepared to take lower jobs

• Adds cultural diversity

Cons of countries gaining people

• Language barriers and other barriers to integration

• Pressure on housing and health services

Science and technology parks

support new and emerging technologies by enabling businesses to associate with a particular centre of knowledge, such as a university or research organisation

Pros of science and technology parks

• help the transfer of knowledge, while promoting technology-led economic development in the area

Cons of science and technology parks

• Science parks are often built on the outskirts of cities and may encroach on green field areas

• This can result in habitat loss for wildlife and resentment among local residents.