PLATELETTE, RBC, WBC, RH, ABO

"Another name for red blood cells"

"Erythrocytes"

"Basic shape of an RBC"

"Biconcave disc"

"Main component inside RBCs that carries oxygen"

"Hemoglobin (about one-third of cell)"

"Do mature RBCs have a nucleus or mitochondria"

"No

"Main function of RBCs"

"Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide"

"Where are RBCs made"

"Red bone marrow

"Average life span of an RBC"

"About 120 days"

"What hormone increases RBC production"

"Erythropoietin (EPO)"

"What does a low RBC count or low hemoglobin cause"

"Anemia (low oxygen-carrying capacity)"

"What is hematocrit"

"Percentage of blood volume made of RBCs"

"Another name for white blood cells"

"Leukocytes"

"General function of WBCs"

"Protect against disease"

"Two main WBC groups"

"Granulocytes and agranulocytes"

"What is diapedesis"

"WBCs squeezing through capillary walls into tissues"

"What is positive chemotaxis"

"WBCs moving toward chemicals from damaged cells or pathogens"

"Main job of neutrophils"

"First at infection

"Main job of eosinophils"

"Kill parasitic worms and moderate allergic reactions"

"Main job of basophils"

"Release histamine (inflammation) and heparin (prevents clotting)"

"Main job of monocytes"

"Become macrophages and phagocytize large particles and debris"

"Main job of lymphocytes"

"T cells attack cells; B cells produce antibodies (immunity)"

"Most abundant WBC type"

"Neutrophils (50–70% of WBCs)"

"WBC type that makes up about 25–33% of WBCs"

"Lymphocytes"

"What are granulocytes"

"WBCs with visible cytoplasmic granules and short life span (neutrophils

"Name the three granulocytes"

"Neutrophils

"What are agranulocytes"

"WBCs with no noticeable cytoplasmic granules (lymphocytes

"Name the two agranulocytes"

"Lymphocytes and monocytes"

"Which granulocyte is most abundant and first at bacterial infections"

"Neutrophils"

"Which granulocyte helps with allergies and parasites"

"Eosinophils"

"Which granulocyte releases histamine and heparin"

"Basophils"

"Which agranulocyte becomes a macrophage in tissues"

"Monocyte"

"Which agranulocyte provides specific immunity"

"Lymphocyte"

"Another name for platelets"

"Thrombocytes"

"Platelets are fragments of what cell"

"Megakaryocytes in red bone marrow"

"Do platelets have a nucleus"

"No

"Normal platelet count range"

"150

"Main role of platelets in a damaged vessel"

"Stick to broken surfaces and form a platelet plug"

"What chemical do platelets release to cause vasoconstriction"

"Serotonin"

"Overall function of platelets in hemostasis"

"Help control blood loss from broken vessels"

"What determines ABO blood type"

"Presence or absence of A and B antigens on RBC membranes"

"Blood type A – antigen and antibody"

"Antigen A; anti-B antibody"

"Blood type B – antigen and antibody"

"Antigen B; anti-A antibody"

"Blood type AB – antigens and antibodies"

"Antigens A and B; no anti-A or anti-B antibodies"

"Blood type O – antigens and antibodies"

"No A or B antigens; both anti-A and anti-B antibodies"

"Why is type O called universal donor"

"RBCs lack A and B antigens

"Why is type AB called universal recipient"

"Plasma lacks anti-A and anti-B antibodies

"What is agglutination"

"Clumping of RBCs when antibodies bind to matching antigens"

"What must be avoided in transfusion compatibility"

"Recipient antibodies binding donor RBC antigens (causes agglutination)"

"What is the main Rh antigen"

"Antigen D"

"Rh positive (Rh+) means what on the RBC"

"Antigen D (or other Rh antigens) is present on RBC membranes"

"Rh negative (Rh−) means what on the RBC"

"No Rh antigens on RBC membranes"

"When do Rh− people form anti-Rh antibodies"

"Only after exposure to Rh+ RBCs"

"Is the first Rh+ transfusion to an Rh− person usually dangerous"

"Not usually; it takes time to make anti-Rh antibodies"

"What happens after an Rh− person is sensitized and gets Rh+ blood again"

"Anti-Rh antibodies cause agglutination of donor RBCs"

"What is erythroblastosis fetalis"

"Rh− mom with anti-Rh antibodies attacks Rh+ fetal RBCs"

"Which two blood group systems cause the most serious transfusion reactions"

"ABO and Rh"