Studied by 72 peoplerule of law
principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern
normative statements
claims that attempt to prescribe how the world should be
empirical statements
Factual statements that can be proven true or false.
presidential system
a system of government in which the legislative and executive branches operate independently of each other; single executive
parliamentary system
A system of government in which the legislature selects the prime minister or president; dual executive (w/ monarch)
semi-presidential system
An executive system that divides power between two strong executives, a president and a prime minister
First Past the Post (FPTP)
An SMD system in which the candidate with a plurality of votes wins
proportional representation
An election system in which each party running receives the proportion of legislative seats corresponding to its proportion of the vote.
corporatism
A method of co-optation whereby authoritarian systems create or sanction a limited number of organizations to represent the interests of the public and restrict those not set up or approved by the state.
pluralism
A theory of government that holds that open, multiple, and competing groups can check the asserted power by any one group.
legitimacy
Political authority conferred by law or by a state or national constitution
federal system
A government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments
unitary system
A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government
devolution
the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states
liberal democracy
A political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights.
illiberal democracy
A procedural democracy, with elections, but without real competition, and lacking some civil rights and liberties.
authoritarian
A government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power.
neoliberalism
A strategy for economic development that calls for free markets, balanced budgets, privatization, free trade, and minimal government intervention in the economy.
populism
the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite
socialism
a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
fascism
A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition
individualism
giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
communism
A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
regime
(n.) a government in power; a form or system of rule or management; a period of rule
government
The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies
political socialization
the process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions
civil rights
the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
civil liberties
Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens
import substitution industrialization
an economic system that attempts to strengthen a country's industrial power by restricting foreign imports.
austerity
government policies meant to save money
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