CH 11: the prokaryotes: domains of bacteria and archaea

Whittaker's 5 Kingdoms:

Prokaryotae (monera). Protista.
Fungi.
Plantae.
Animalia.

Name the eukaryotic kingdoms.

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

is protista eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic

is fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic

is plantae eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic

is animalia eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic

is procaryotae (monera) eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

procaryotes

is procaryotae (monera) unicellular or multicelluar?

unicellular

is protista unicellular or multicelluar?

generally unicellular

is fungi unicellular or multicelluar?

generally multicellular

is plantae unicellular or multicelluar?

multicellular

is animalia unicellular or multicelluar?

multicellular

\_______ - alage and protozoa

protista

\____ - saprohytic and chitin

fungi

\_____ - photosynthesis

plantae

\_____ ingest food

animalia

What are Woese's 3 domains?

(eu)bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

What are Woese's 3 domains based on?

sequences of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

\____ - Based on comparison of sequences of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Woese's 3 Domains

what does (eu)bacteria contain?

bacteria

what does Archaea contain?

aracheabacteria

Is eubacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Prokaryotic

is archaea prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Prokaryotic

what does Eucarya contain?

all the eukaryotic kingdoms

what do we use to classify bacteria?

Bergy's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

Bergey's Manual 1st Edition is divided into volumes: what are the volumes?

4 Volumes
1. Gram-negative bacteria of medical and industrial importance.
2. Gram-positive bacteria of medical and industrial importance.
3. Other Gram-negative bacteria.
4. Actinomycetes and other Gram-positive bacteria.

what is the 1st volmue of Bergy's Manual 1st Edition?

Gram-negative bacteria of medical and industrial importance.

what is the 2nd volmue of Bergy's Manual 1st Edition?

Gram-positive bacteria of medical and industrial importance.

what is the 3rd volume of Bergy's Manual 1st Edition?

Other Gram-negative bacteria.

what is the 4th volume of Bergy's Manual 1st Edition?

Actinomycetes and other Gram-positive bacteria.

What is Bergey's Manual about?

categorized bacteria base on rRNA sequences

Division within Bergey's Manual are based on characteristics such as: \____________

Gram reaction, cell shape, cell arrangement, oxygen requirements, motility, metabolic properties

Bergey's Manual 2st Edition is divided into volumes: what are the volumes?

1. The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria.
2. The Proteobacteria.
3. The Firmicutes.
4. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes.
5. The Actinobacteria.

what is the 1st volume of Bergy's Manual 2st Edition?

The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria

what is the 2st volume of Bergy's Manual 2st Edition?

The Proteobacteria

what is the 3st volume of Bergy's Manual 2st Edition?

The Firmicutes

what is the 4st volume of Bergy's Manual 2st Edition?

The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes

what is the 5st volume of Bergy's Manual 2st Edition?

The Actinobacteria

what is the largest taxonomic group of bacteria?

Proteobacteria

\________ is from the mythical god Proteus, who could assume many shapes

proteobacteria

Is proteobacteria gram-positive or gram-negative?

gram negative

Proteobacteria is....?

chemheterophic

what are the classes of Proteobacteria?

- The alpha (proteobacteria).
- The beta
- The gamma
- The delta
- The epsilon

which bacteria is most capable of growing with very low levels of nutrients?

alphaproteobacteria

\_____:
- some grow at low nutrient levels.
- some have unusual morphology.
- many are agriculturally important
- several medically important genre

alphaproteobacteria

\_____ do not have histones and organelles

eukaryotic organelles

the prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea:

- 1 circular chromosome, not in a membrane.
- No histones.
- No organelles.
- Peptidoglycan cell walls.
- Binary fission.

which bacteria includes most of the gram negative bacteria?

proteobacteria

Phylogeny is based on:

rRNA studies

\______ - common photosynthetic ancestor (few are still photosynthetic)

proteobacteria

proteobacteria classes are designated by \______

greek letters

most of \_____ are capable of growth with very low level of nutrients

alphaproteobacteria

which bacteria have unusual morphology, like stalks or buds?

alphaproteobacteria

what group is agriculturally important?

alphaproteobacteria

Examples of Alphaproteobacteria

stalks or buds

Name the nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacteria

Azospirillum and Rhizobium

\_____ - grow in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants and fixes nitrogen

Azospirillium

\____ - fix nitrogen in the roots of plants

Rhizobium

\_____ - produce acetic acid from ethyl alcohol

acetobacter and gluconobacter

What do Acetobacter and Gluconobacter do?

convert ethanol into acetic acid (vinegar)

is acetobacter anaerobic or aerobic?

aerobic

is gluconobacter anaerobic or aerobic?

aerobic

what type of bacteria is acetobacter?

alphaproteobacteria

what type of bacteria is gluconobacter?

alphaproteobacteria

what type of bacter ia azospirillum?

alphaproteobacteria

what type of bacteria is Rhizobium?

alphaproteobacteria

what cures most patients from obligate intracellular parasites/typhus?

doxycycline

what is the most effective way to prevent typhus?

inoculation with the typhus vaccine series before traveling to endemic areas, and to avoid contact with lice.

what kind of bacteria are obligate intracellular parasites involved in?

alphaproteobacteria

Name the Obligate Intracellular Parasites.

Ehrlichia.
Tick-borne. ehrlichiosis.
Rickettsia species.

How is Rickettsia transmitted?

insect or tick bite

what gets to cells by phagocytosis?

Rickettsia

is rickettsia gram negative or gram positive

gram negative or cocobacillus

what is Anthrapod-borne?

Rickettsia

what does R.prowazekii involve?

lice on human

what does R.typhi involve?

fleas on rats

what's R.prowazekii?

Epidemic typhus

what's R.typhi?

Endemic murine typhus

what's R.rickettsii?

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

what tyoe of bacteria is agrobacterium?

alphaproteobacteria

What's agrobacterium?

plant pathogen

What does Agrobacterium do?

Inserts a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor

what bacteria induces a tumor in plant cells?

agrobacterium

\____ - use inorganic chemicals as energy source;

chemoautotrophic

what do Chemoautotrophics do to obtain energy?

oxidize nitrogen

what do chemautotrophics oxidize for energy?

nitrogen

what reaction occurs for chemautotrophics when dealing with nitrogen and energy?

oxidation

what is the carbon source for chemoautotrophic?

fix CO2-carbon dioxide

give the Nitrosomonas reaction

NH4+ -\> NO2-

describe the reaction: NH4+ -\> NO2-

ammonium to nitrite

give the Nitrobacter reaction

NO2\- -\> NO3--

describe the reaction: NO2\- -\> NO3--

nitrite to nitrate

what type of bacteria is bordetella?

betaproteobacteria

what type of bacteria is Burkholderia?

betaproteobacteria

what type of bacteria is B.pertussis?

betaproteobacteria

what can B.pertussis cause (symptom)?

whooping cough

what type of bacteria is Zoogloea?

betaproteobacteria

what's Zoogloea?

Slimy masses in aerobic sewage-treatment processes

What is Burkholderia?

Nosocomial infections

\____ - Chemoheterotrophic, non-motile rods, aerobic

Bordetella