Inflammation, Tissue Repair, & Wounds

inflammation

a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic responses

what is the function of inflammation

to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, remove damaged tissue, and generate new tissue

What is the goal of inflammation

develop antibodies

prevent and limit infection and damages

initiate healing

homostasis

keep balance

cardinal signs of local inflammation

rubor, tumor, calor, dolar, functio laesa

cardinal signs of systemic inflammation

fever and fatigue

acute inflammation

short-duration lasts minutes to days

chronic inflammation

longer-duration lasts days to years

Causes of inflammation

immune response to infectious microorganisms

trauma

surgery

caustic chemicals

extremes of heat and cold

ischemia damage to body tissues

What cells line the blood vessels

endothelial cells

what do endothelial cells produce produce to regulate blood flow

vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Platelets are also known as

Thrombocytes

leukocytes are also known as

White blood cells

granulocytes consist of

Neutrophils, eosinophils, Basophils

agranulocytes consist of

monocytes and macrophages

what do mast cells release

histamines, proteases, and cytokines

what do lymphocytes go after

cancer cells

plasma cells appear as:

swelling/ lymph nodes

what do plasma cells produce

antibodies directed against persistent ang

What happens during the vascular stage

acute inflammation local response

How is the vascu

what are the three different vascular response patterns

an immediate transient response

an immediate sustained response

a delayed hemodynamic response

mistomones function

vasodilation and constriction

cellular response 1st step

leukocyte accumulation (mongonotion)

cellular response 2nd stop

migrates through the vessel wall into tissue (transmigration)

cellular response 3rd step

process by which leukocytes are brought to site of infection (chemotaxis)

cellular response 4th step

neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages (phagocytosis)

what are the three stages phagocytosis

recognition, engulfment and intracellular killing

histamine

vasodilation and constriction

cytokines

helps cells communicate

bradykinin

causes increased capillary permeability

coagulation and fibrinolysis proteins

vascular phase of inflammation through fibrin products formed during the final steps in the coagulation process

complement system

promote cellular mediators do job

serous

watery fluid low in protein

hemorrhagic

leakage of red blood count from the capillaries

purulent

contains pus, composed of degraded white blood cells, proteins, and tissue deloris

chronic inflammation

begins insidiously as a low grade smoldering, often asymptomatic process

What does the liver make

fibrinogen and c-reaction protein

what is the acute phase response

leukocytes release interleukins and tumor necrosis facotr

white blood cell response

increased white blood cell response

Where does the systemic inflammatory response occur

sepsis

what is the goal of tissue repair

replacement with connective fibrous tissue

What is granulation tissue

the beginning of tissue

what does granulation tissue look like

glistening moist red connective tissue

what are the basic forms of ECM

basement membrane and interstitial matrix

primary healing

small, clean wound

secondary healing

great loss of tissue with contamination, usually burns

inflammatory phase

begins at the time of injury; blood clot forms, migration of phagocytic WBC into the wound site

proliferative phase

new tissue filling the wound

causes of impaired wound healing

malnutrition

impaired blood flow

impaired inflammatory and immune responses

infection

wound separation

foreign bodies

age effects