INTORDUXTION TO PSYCHOLOGICAL STATISTICS

Statistics

Aset of math procedure for organizing, summarizing, and interpreting an iformatin

Condensing large quantities of informatin into few simple figures

Procedure of statistics

Organize

Summarize

Interpret

Importance and use of research

It rovides objective and systematic methods for rsearch

And developement of test and scales that are valid anf reliable

Decision making

Statistics add credibility toi the arguments and statistical claims that has been analyzed interpreted and displayed as its basis

Variables

A characteristics or conditions that has different values for different individuals that allows it to be measured, it hanges

Datum/data

A measurement obtained from an individual

Participant variable

A type of variable that provides the age, gender, and idividual that differ per individual

Environmental variable

A type of variable scha s the time of the day weaher condions

Independent variable

Variable that is being manipulated and causes influence to thth dependent variable the one that recieves treatment

Dependent variable

Experiences cahnge caused by the independent variable

Discrete variable

Variable that is countable or whole

Continous variable

Variable that is not exact or in decimal

Population

Set of all individual of interest

Sample

Saller set from the population to represent the entire population

Parameter

Characteristics of the population

Statistic

Characteistic of the sample

Problems with sample

Provides limited info about the populatin and may have minor discrepancy

Basic techniques o control other variable

Random assignment

Matching

Holdin them cosntant

Non-equivalent group

Comapring two groups that are different

Pre-post study

Comapring scores obtained by measuring the same variable twice for each participant

Construct

Internal attributes that can be directly observes but are useful in describing and expalining behaviors

Operational definition

Identifies a measurement procedure to measre an external behavior

Real limits

Boundaries of interval for scores that are represented on a continous number line and separating two adjacent scores located exactly halfway between the scores

Upper and lower real limit

Used in continous variable showin the top and the bottom of the interval