disorders of ventilation and gas exchange

hyperventilation

hyperventilation

depression of respiratory center

impaired diffusion of gases is…

hypoxemia but not hypercapnia

impaired diffusion

interstitial lung disease, ARDS, pulmonary edema, and pneumonia

mild hypoxemia

increase heart rate peripheral vasoconstriction diaphoresis

chronic hypoxemia

pulmonary vasoconstriction cyanosis clubbing

hypercapnia

High CO2

effects of hypercapnia

increase respiratory

Pleuritis inflammation symptom

Pain

Pleural effusion

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

Hemothorax

Blood in the pleural cavity

Pneumothorax

Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity that caused partial or complete collapse of the lung

Symptoms of pleural pain

Abrupt shoulder pain reflex splinting of the chest

treatments for pleural effusion

surgical drainage

Atelectasis

Incomplete expansion of the lung or portion of the lung

Asthma

Chronic disorder of the airways

Intrinsic asthma respiratory infections

epithelial damage

Intrinsic asthma exercise hyperventilation or cold air

Loss of heat and water may cause bronchospasm

Intrinsic asthma inhaled irritants

Inflammation vagal reflex

Aspirin and other NSAID

Abnormal arachidonic acid metabolism

Chronic obstructive airway disease

Inflammation of the bronchial wall

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder

Emphysema and bronchitis

Emphysema

Inflammatory response

Chronic bronchitis

chronic irritation of airways

Pink puffers

Emphysema

Blue bloaters

Bronchitis

Disorders of pulmonary blood flow

Blood clot in pulmonary artery

Pulmonary embolism

A blood clot that lodges in the pulmonary entry and obstructs flow