Caesar Dictatorship

Who was the civil war between in 49?

Caesar vs Pompey and the Roman state

Where did Caesar march to in 49?

To Rome

What did Caesar found out when he arrived in Rome in 49?

That Pompey and the senate had fled to Dyrrachium

Where had Pompey and the senate fled to in 49?

Dyrrachium

Why had Pompey and the senate fled to Dyrrachium in 49?

To join forces with Roman armies in Thessalonika

What did Caesar and his troop do when they found out Pompey and the senate had fled to Dyrrachium?

They followed them and fought in Dyrrachium

What was the outcome of the battle in Dyrrachium between Pompey and Caesar in 49?

Caesar was unsuccessful and regrouped his forces

What is the second location that Pompey and Caesar fought at (this time in 48)?

Pharsalus

What was the outcome of the battle in Pharsalus between Pompey and Caesar in 48?

Caesar was triumphant and Pompey and his forces fled to friends in Egypt

Where did Pompey and his forces flee to after being defeated by Caesar in Pharsalus in 48?

To friends in Egypt

What happened to Pompey as he arrived in Egypt to meet his 'friends' after fleeing from the battle in Pharsalus in 48?

He was met on the shore by an envoy of Egypt's ruler who beheaded Pompey as a show of support towards Caesar

Why was Pompey beheaded on the shore in Egypt?

As he met an envoy of the Egyptian ruler who supported Caesar

What were the consequences for Caesar now Pompey was dead?

He had a huge, loyal and experienced army

What were the consequences for the Republican armies now Pompey was dead?

They had lost their leader and were dispersed and weak

What did Julius Caesar become in 48?

Self proclaimed dictator

What did Caesar do ask self proclaimed dictator in 48?

He pursued policy of clemency towards those who had fought against him in the civil war

What did Caesar change his title to in 44?

Dictator perpetuo

What did dictator perpetuo mean?

A title of unchallengeable autocracy

What did Caesar do while dictator from 48-44?

He tried to bring peace and stability to the state

What are 2 examples that show that Caesar tried to bring peace and stability to the state while dictator in 48-44?

1. He refilled the dwindling number of senators to 900 and increased the number of magistracies annually available for election to the cursus honourm

2. He introduced wide scale building policy to improve the functioning of the city

What 2 things show that Caesar had dominatio over the Roman state?

1. He held key state religious and political offices, restricting outside interference

2. The new senators, popular assemblies, equites and military were his supporters

Define dominatio?

Complete control

What showed how powerful Caesar was in Rome?

His building programme

What is it wondered if caesar was aiming for?

A sort of monarchy?

What is identified as the turning point of Caesar having dominatio?

When Cato killed himself in 46 at the battle of Thapsus as he could not live under Caesar's Republic

What was growing in 45 between the senatorial class?

Discontent with Caesar's autocracy