ALSO BIOMATERIALS

Thermoplastics

Materials with weak intermolecular forces like van der Waals and hydrogen bonds, allowing them to soften on heating and be reshaped.

Thermosetting Plastics

Feature strong covalent bonds and a cross-linked structure, undergoing irreversible changes and becoming rigid when set.

Elastomers

Combinations of covalent bonds and weak intermolecular forces, providing flexibility and durability.

Polyethylene (PE)

Consists of repeating ethylene monomer units, a common thermoplastic.

Polylactic Acid (PLA)

Derived from lactic acid, has a linear structure, and is a biodegradable polymer.

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

Composed of vinyl alcohol monomer units, used in various applications.

Polyurethane (PU)

Contains urethane linkages, offering versatility in properties.

Higher molecular weight

Leads to increased strength, toughness, and chemical resistance in polymers.

Morphology (amorphous/crystalline)

Affects stiffness, impact resistance, and thermal stability of polymers.

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC)

Technique used for determining molecular weight distribution in polymers.

Surface Alterations on Polyethylene/UHMWPE

Methods like plasma treatment and coatings to modify surface properties.

Copolymers

Include random, alternating, block, and graft copolymers, offering diverse properties.

Silicone Elastomers/Rubber

Known for biocompatibility, flexibility, and durability but may face adhesion issues and degradation.

Biodegradable/Resorbable Polymers

Types include PLA, PGA, and PCL, influenced by chemical groups and environmental factors in degradation rates.

Hydrogels

Natural or synthetic materials with surface erosion or bulk erosion, categorized as physical or chemical based on interactions.

Bioceramics

Types like bioinert and bioactive ceramics, significant for their ionic and covalent bonding properties.

Mechanical Properties

Include hardness, stiffness, wear resistance, and biocompatibility, crucial in various applications.

Pore Size Influence

Affects cell/tissue ingrowth and mechanical properties in tissue regeneration and orthopedic/dental applications.

Bioglass

Comprised of SiO2, CaO, Na2O, and P2O5, used in biomedical applications for its composition.

FDA Approval Process for Medical Devices

Involves biocompatibility testing, mechanical testing, sterilization validation, material characterization, and clinical trials for regulatory approval.