Exam 5 UCA Dr. Martin Reproductive System

What is gametogenesis?

production of gametes (sex cells) begins at puberty

What is oogenesis and where does it occur?

- 2N (Diploid) > 1N (Haploid)

- Estrogen Production Increases (E2/FSH/LH increases)

- Ovarian Follicles

- Follicle cells

Occurs in ovarian follicles

Accessory organs in the reproductive system

Anything other than the gonads

What caused gonads to become active?

Anterior Pituitary activates gonadotropins

- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

At time of puberty, what happens to Gonadotropins?

Increase FSH/LH

2 Types of Gonads and Hormones

Testes (Sperm) - Testosterone

Ovaries (Egg)- Estrogen

Name the gametes in males and females

Spermatogenesis- Sperm

Oogenesis- Egg (oocytes)

What is spermatogenesis and where does it occur?

- 2N (Diploid) > 1N (Haploid)

- Testosterone production- Leydig cells (LH) increases

Occurs in Seminiferous tubules of testes

How is a haploid cell made?

Through Meiosis

1N Sperm and 1N Oocyte = Diploid

*** Every human is a diploid

Ovarian Cycle by Phase Day 1-13

Follicular Phase (1-13)

- Follicles growth (FSH stimulates)

- Haploid gamete (2o Oocyte)

- Increase Estrogen (E2)

- Graafian Follicle

- Early E2 low / Late E2 high

What happens on day 13 of Follicular Phase?

Day 13 increase LH triggers Ovluation

Ovarian Cycle by Phase Day 14

Ovulation

- Releases Haploid

- Empty graafian follicles (corpus lutes forms)

Ovarian Cycle by Phase Day 15-28

Luteal Phase

-Corpus Luteum fills with cholesterol (caused by LH)

- E2 increases

- Progesterone increases

** Will only last day 15-26

What happens to E2 and Progesterone on day 27/28?

- Decrease E2

- Decrease Progesterone

Days of Ovarian Cycle

Days 1-13 Follicular Phase

Day 14 Ovulation

Day 15- 28 Luteal Phase

Uterine Cycle by Phase Day 1-5

Menstrual

- Bleeding

- Endometrium thins

- Low E2

Uterine Cycle by Phase Day 6-14

Proliferative

- Endometrium Thickens

- High E2

Uterine Cycle by Phase Day 15-28

Secretory

- Endometrium stores nutrients

- Rich Secretion

- High Progesterone

How does the ovarian cycle affect the uterine cycle?

Ovarian Cycle governs the production and release of estrogen and progesterone which stimulates the growth and shedding of endometrium

What disrupts the ovarian cycle?

- Pregnancy (Increase HCG levels)

Pregnancy Cycle

- Fertilization Day 15

- Implantation Day 21 (HCG released)

-Maintains Corpus Luteum

- Increase E2

- Increase Progesterone

- Embryo / Fetal Development Week 2-40

During Pregnancy, what does the endometrium need?

- Increase Estrogen (E2)

- Increase Progesterone

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