Leukemia, Lung CA, Colon CA

leukemia affects the ____ cells and has an ___ cause

hematopoietic, unknown

Leukemia increased incidence with exposure to:

radiation, benzene, drugs, chemicals, gases

leukemia is associated with congenital disorders like

down syndrome, neurofibromatosis, faconi anemia

leukemia can occur as a ______ neoplasm and infiltrates other tissues like (x3)

secondary, liver, spleen, lymph nodes

______ is the most common cancer in children/adolescents with it making up ___ percent of cancer in children

leukemia, 29

leukemia is ____ more frequently diagnosed in adults vs children

10x

Leukemia clinical manifestations

sudden fever, abnormal bleeding/bruising, prolonged period, pallor, weight loss, night sweats, dyspnea, fatigue, abd pain, bone pain, tachycardia, palpitations, CNS symptoms, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly

leukemia diagnosis consists of (x2) and sometimes ______ which involves CNS

blood tests and bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture

leukemia diagnostic results would show _____ wbc and maybe ______ or _____

immature, anemia, thrombocytopenia

leukostasis def

elevated circulating blast count

increased blood viscosity can lead to leukoblastic ____, is treated with ______

emboli, pheresis

______ can result from leukemia because of increased ______ or increased _____ of purine nucleotides due to _____ cell death

hyperuricemia, proliferation, breakdown, leukemic

hyperuricemia from leukemia is treated with

rasburicase prophylactic therapy

leukemia treatment types

induction therapy, intensification therapy, maintenance therapy, stem cell transplant

prognostic variables for leukemia

age, type of leukemia, stage at presentation

tumor lysis syndrome from leukemia is a __________ of cancer cells that can lead to life threatening ____ disorders

massive necrosis, metabolic

Tumor Lysis Syndrome complications

hyper k, hyper p, hyperuricemia, hypo mag, hypo cal, acidosis for acute renal failure

___ percent of lung tumors are in the lung tissue, ___ percent is from bronchial areas

95, 5

Lung CA begins as small ________

mucosal lesions

one way mucosal lesions of lung CA are from ______ that invade ______ and _______

small masses, bronchi, connective tissue

second way mucosal lesions of lung CA are from ______ masses that spread to adjacent lung tissue or _____, _____, ______ of the ________/______

large bulky, necrosis, hemorrhage, invasion, pleural cavity/chest wall

Clinical manifestations of lung CA

cough, sputum, hemoptysis, chest wall pain, dyspnea, wheezing, hypokalemia, hypergly, htn

lung cancer cases are _____ but ___ percent are caused by smoking

decreasing, 80

lung cancer risk factors

smoking, abestos, radon, familial predisposition, marijuana

five year survival rate of lung ca for men is _____ percent, for women is ____ percent

7-12, 8-14

Small cell lung cancer makes up ____ percent of lung cancer and has the strongest association with _____

20-25, smoking

for SCLC, cells grow in _____ and there are ____ in tumor cells

clusters, granules

Granules in tumor cells of SCLC suggest an ability to secrete _____ hormones and may arise from _____ cells of the bronchial epithelium

polypeptide, neuroendocrine

granules in tumor cells can give rise to different symptoms like

SIADH, cushings, eaton lambert

SCLC can produce ______ syndrome which is a hormonal production of _____ peptide by ______ released

paraneoplastic, ectopic, tumor/autoantibodies

SCLC is highly _____, ____ widely, and rarely _____

malignant, infiltrate, resectable

almost all SCLC have _____ at the time of diagnosis, the ____ is the most common

metastasized, brain

NSCLC types

squamous, large cel, adenocarcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma (25-40%) characteristics

men, smoking, bronchi origin, paraneoplastic and hypercalcemia

large cell carcinoma (10-15%) characteristics

highly anaplastic, periphery of lung tissue, poor prognisis, early metastasis

adenocarcinoma (20-40%) characteristics

most common in NA women and nonsmokers, bronchiolar and alveolar origin, worse prognosis than squamous

one year survival rate for lung cancer is ____ percent but five year is only ____ percent in us

42, 18

predictors of lung ca prognosis

type, size, stage, performance status, weight loss in previous 6 months

lung ca diagnosis factors

hp, cxr, bronchoscopy, cytologic studies, needle biopsy, lymph node biopsy, ct/mri/ultrasound, pet scan

cytologic studies types

sputum, bronchial washing

solid tumor diagnosis types

excisional, incisional, needle biopsy

colon cancer risk factors

family hx, personal hx, IBD, sedentary, fat, red/processed meats

red/processed meats ____ risk for colon cancer, low fat dairy, fish, and poultry can ____ risk

increase, decrease

prevention for colon cancer

healthy lifestyle, screening, surveillance for return of cancer