ABPSY CHAPTER QUIZZES

questions found in the chapter quizzes and concept checks from the book :D (Chapters 4, 8, 10, 12, & 13)

Panic Attack

A(n) _________ is an abrupt experience of intense fear or acute discomfort accompanied by physical symptoms, such as chest pain and shortness of breath.

Expected

A(n) _________ panic attack often occurs in certain situations but not anywhere else.

Brain Circuits; Neurotransmitter

Anxiety is associated with specific ________ (for example, behavioral inhibition system or fight/flight system) and ________ systems.

Comorbidity

The rates of ________ among anxiety and related disorders are high because they share the common features of anxiety.

Stressful

_____ life events can trigger biological and psychological vulnerabilities to anxiety.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

GAD is characterized by muscle tension, mental agitation, irritability, sleeping difficulties, and susceptibility to fatigue.

False

(More Gradual)

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Most studies show that in the majority of cases of GAD, onset is early in adulthood as an immediate response to a life stressor.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

GAD is prevalent in the elderly and in females in our society.

False

(TRUE OR FALSE)

GAD has no genetic basis.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Cognitive-behavioral treatment and other psychological treatments for GAD are probably better than drug therapies in the long run.

False

(Panic Attacks occur unexpectedly in panic disorder, even in “safe” situations)

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Panic Disorder is a disorder in which an individual experiences anxiety and panic triggered by being in an “unsafe” situation.

False

(3.5%)

(TRUE OR FALSE)

About 40% of the population meets the criteria for panic disorder at some point in life.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Some individuals with panic disorder are suicidal, have nocturnal panic, and/or are agoraphobic.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Psychological treatments like PCT or CBT are highly effective for treating panic disorder.

Acute Stress Disorder

(DIAGNOSIS)

Judy witnessed a horrific tornado leveling her farm three weeks ago. Since then, she’s had many flashbacks of the incident, trouble sleeping, and a fear of going outside in storms.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

(DIAGNOSIS)

Jack was involved in a car accident six weeks ago in which the driver of the other car was killed. Since then, Jack has been unable to get into a car because it brings back the horrible scene he witnessed. Nightmares of the incident haunt him and interfere with his sleep. He is irritable and has lost interest in his work and hobbies.

Delayed Onset Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

(DIAGNOSIS)

Patricia was raped 30 years ago at the age of 17. Just recently, she has been having flashbacks of the event, difficulty sleeping, and fear of sexual contact with her husband.

Obessions

________ are intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges an individual tries to eliminate or suppress.

Compulsions

The practices of washing, counting, and checking to suppress obsessions and provide relief are called ______.

1.6%

The lifetime prevalence of OCD is approximately __________, or even lower.

Psychosurgery

_______ is a radical treatment for OCD involving a surgical lesion to the cingulate bundle.

Anxiety; Fear

_______ is a psychological experience characterized by concern about future events, and _______ is characterized by concern about current circumstances

Negative and inconsistent attention from parents

In an integrated model of anxiety, which childhood experience appears to make an individual more vulnerable to anxiety in adulthood?

15-24 years old

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is most common in individuals aged ______ years.

Cultural factors make it more acceptable for women to avoid situations and to report their fears.

Why are the majority of people who suffer from agoraphobia women?

Marty will only work night shifts, a time when he thinks all dogs will be safely inside.

Marty has a fear of dogs. What suggests that his fear qualifies as a specific phobia rather than just an everyday fear?

Exposure to feared stimulus under therapeutic supervision.

What technique appears to be the most effective treatment for phobias?

Fear of evaluation by other people.

What is the most essential characteristic of Social Anxiety Disorder?

The time since the traumatic event occurred.

What feature differentiates Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder from Acute Stress Disorder?

Obsession

Every morning when he leaves for work, Anthony has recurring doubts about whether he locked his front door. He continues thinking about this throughout the day, to the distraction of his work. Anthony is experiencing ______.

Thought-Action Fusion

When a person believes that thinking about hurting someone is just as bad as actually hurting someone, that person is experiencing ______

Binge-Eating Disorder

(DIAGNOSIS)

Manny has been having episodes lately when he eats prodigious amount of food. He’s been putting on a lot of weight because of it.

Bulimia Nervosa

(DIAGNOSIS)

I noticed Elena eating a whole pie, a cake, and two bags of potato chips the other day when she didn’t notice I was there. She ran into the bathroom when she was finished and it sounded like she was vomiting. This disorder can lead to electrolyte imbalance, resulting in serious medical problems.

Bulimia Nervosa

(DIAGNOSIS)

Joo-Yeon eats large quantities of food in a short time. She then takes laxatives and exercises for long periods to prevent weight gain. She has been doing this almost daily for several months and feels she will become worthless and ugly if she gains even an ounce.

Anorexia Nervosa

(DIAGNOSIS)

Kirsten has lost several pounds and now weighs less than 90 pounds. She eats only a small portion of the food her mother serves her and fears that intake above her current 500 calories daily will make her fat. Since losing weight, Kirsten has stopped having periods. She sees a fat person in the mirror.

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Many young women with eating disorders have a diminished sense of personal control and confidence in their own abilities, are perfectionists, and/or are preoccupied with how they appear.

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Biological limitations, as well as the societal pressure to use diet and exercise to achieve nearly impossible weight goals, contribute to the number of people with Anorexia and Bulimia.

False

(Females find a smaller size more attractive than do men)

(TRUE OR FALSE)

One study showed that males consider a smaller female body to be more attractive than women do.

False

(They help with Bulimia Nervosa, not Anorexia)

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Antidepressants help individuals overcome Anorexia but have no effect on Bulimia.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment (CBT) and Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) are both successful treatments for Bulimia Nervosa, although CBT is a preferred method.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Attention must be focused on dysfunctional attitudes about body shape in Anorexia, or relapse will most likely occur.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Obesity is the single most expensive health problem in the United States, surpassing both smoking and alcohol abuse.

False

(It’s at least one-third or more)

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Individuals with night eating syndrome consume at least half their daily intake after their evening meal.

False

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Fatty foods and technology are not to blame for the obesity epidemic in the United States.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Professionally directed behavior modification programs represent the most successful treatment for obesity.

Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder

(DIAGNOSIS)

Timothy wakes up frequently every night because he feels he is about to hyperventilate. He can’t seem to get enough air, and many times his wife will wake him to tell him to quit smoking. He is suffering from _________.

Narcolepsy

(DIAGNOSIS)

Sonia has problems staying awake throughout the day. Even while talking on the phone or riding the bus, she unexpectedly loses muscle tone and falls asleep. This is due to _______.

Sleep Paralysis

(DIAGNOSIS)

Jaime sometimes awakens and cannot move or speak. This is a frightening experience known as ______

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder

(DIAGNOSIS)

Brett has started a new job that requires him to change shifts monthly. He sometimes has day shifts and at other times has night shifts. Since then, he has had considerable trouble sleeping.

Sleep Apnea

(DIAGNOSIS)

Rama is extremely overweight. His wife suspects he may be suffering from _______ because he snores every night and often wakes up exhausted.

Hypersomnolence Disorder

(DIAGNOSIS)

Melinda sleeps all night and still finds herself falling asleep throughout the day. This happens even when she goes to bed early and gets up as late as possible.

Nightmares

(DIAGNOSIS)

Jaclyn’s dad is sometimes awakened by his daughter’s screams. He runs to Jaclyn’s room to comfort her and eventually able to calm her down. Jaclyn usually explains that she was being chased by a big, one-eyed, purple monster. The events typically happen after watching scary movies with friends.

Sleep Terrors

(DIAGNOSIS)

Sho-jen’s parents hear her piercing screams on many nights and rush to comfort her. but she does not respond. During these episodes, her heart rate is elevated, and her pajamas are soaked in sweat. When she gets up the next day, she has no memory of the experience.

Nocturnal Eating Syndrome

(DIAGNOSIS)

Jack has made serious commitment to his diet for more than a month but continues to gain weight. He has no memory of eating but noticed that food is missing from the refrigerator.

20%; Suicide

It is estimated that ________ of individuals with eating disorder die as a result of the disorder, with as many as 50% deaths coming from _______.

Bulimia Nervosa

(DIAGNOSIS)

Dr. Thompson sees a patient with a chubby face, calluses on her fingers, and small scars on the back of her hand. Tests indicate that the patient weighs slightly more than her expected weight and that she has an electrolyte imbalance. The patient reports that she is having persistent constipation and that she feels as if her heart has been skipping beats.

Anxiety Disorders

Research on Bulimia Nervosa suggests that it co-occurs with what disorders?

20; 15; 10

The typical age of onset for Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa is ______, with younger cases of Anorexia Nervosa is ______, and younger cases of Bulimia Nervosa tending to begin at _______.

a.) CBT appears to work fast than IPT, but they both seem to have the same positive effect at a one-year follow-up.

Which of the following statements is true about Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) in the treatment of Bulimia?


a.) CBT appears to work fast than IPT, but they both seem to have the same positive effect at a one-year follow-up.

b.) CBT and IPT appear to have the same impact in both the short-term and the long-term.

c.) IPT appears to work faster than CBT, but they both seem to have the same positive effect at a one-year follow-up

d.) Neither CBT nor IPT appears to be effective in the treatment of Bulimia

Actigraph

What is used to measure arm movements as an indicator of sleep activity and sleep quality?

b.) Sleep Apnea

(DIAGNOSIS)

While sleeping, Michael, a 55-year-old overweight male, experiences a cessation in his breathing for short periods. Michael’s wife reports that he snores continuously and never feels rested. Michael’s most consistent with:

a.) Narcolepsy

b.) Sleep Apnea

c.) Sleep-Awake Schedule Disorder

d.) Cataplexy

b.) Sleep Restriction

Mr. Dunn has been experiencing insomnia for several weeks. His doctor recommends that he only lie in bed for three hours, the amount of time that he actually sleeps each night. The amount of time Mr. Dunn lies in bed is then increased as he begins to sleep more. This treatment is known as:

a.) Sleep Hygiene

b.) Sleep Restriction

c.) Phase Delay

d.) Progressive Relaxation

c.) Sleep terrors occur during NREM sleep

The primary difference between sleep terrors and nightmares is:

a.) Sleep terrors usually begin with a scream

b.) Children do not remember nightmares

c.) Sleep terrors occur during NREM sleep

d.) Sleep terrors are more prevalent in the population

False

(The use of crack by pregnant mothers adversely affects only some babies)

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Use of crack cocaine by a pregnant woman always adversely affects the developing fetus.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Regular use of stimulants can result in tolerance and dependence on the drugs.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Amphetamines have been used as appetite suppressants.

False

(Cannabis produces the most variable reactions in people)

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Compared with all other drugs, caffeine can produce the most variable reactions in people.

False

(Amphetamines are produced in labs)

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Amphetamines are naturally occurring drugs that induce feelings of elation and vigor and can reduce fatigue.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

An ingredient of the beverage Coca-Cola in the 1800s was cocaine.

False

(Stimulants occur naturally)

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Stimulants are produced only in a laboratory.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Negative reinforcement is involved in the continuance of drug use, because drugs often provide escape from pain, stress, panic, and so on.

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

Research with both animals and humans indicates that substance abuse in general is affected by our genes, although not one particular gene.

False

(All have an effect)

(TRUE OR FALSE)

The media and parental influences have no effect on adolescent drug use; it is solely a peer pressure factor.

False

(They would still act uninhibited);

(TRUE OR FALSE)

The expectancy effect is illustrated when a person who expects to be less inhibited when drinking alcohol is given a placebo and acts or feels normally

True

(TRUE OR FALSE)

To some extent, all psychoactive drugs provide a pleasurable experience, creating positive reinforcement.

Controlled Drinking

A controversial treatment for alcohol abuse because of a negative but flawed experimental finding, but also because it conflicts with the belief in total abstinence.

Agonist Substitution

Methadone is used to help heroin addicts kick their habit in a method called ________________.

Antagonist

________________ drugs block or counteract the effects of psychoactive drugs and are sometimes effective in treating addicts.

Contingency Management

In ________________ the clinician and the client work together to decide which behaviors the client needs to change and which reinforcers will be used as rewards for reaching set goals.

Anonymous

It has been difficult to evaluate rigorously the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous, because the participants are ________________.

Aversion Therapy

In ________________, substance use is paired with something extremely unpleasant (like alcohol and vomiting with Antabuse).

Cross-Tolerant

Heroin and methadone are ________________, which means they affect the same neurotransmitter receptors.

Relapse Prevention

The ________________ model involves therapy that helps individuals remove ambivalence about stopping their drug use by examining their beliefs about the positive and negative aspects of drug use.

Covert Sensitization

By imagining unpleasant scenes, the ________________ technique helps the person associate the negative effects of the drug with drug use.

Dependent

Unfortunately, the heroin addict may become permanently ________________ on methadone.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

This rarely diagnosed disorder is characterized by episodes of aggressive impulses and can sometimes be treated with cognitive-behavioral interventions, drug treatments, or both.

Kleptomania

(DIAGNOSIS)

This disorder begins with the person feeling a sense of tension that is released and followed with pleasure after he has committed a robbery

Gambling Disorder

(DIAGNOSIS)

This disorder affects somewhere between 3% and 5% of the adult American population and is characterized by the need to gamble.

Pyromania

(DIAGNOSIS)

Individuals with this disorder are preoccupied with fires and the equipment involved in setting and putting out fires.

c.) How significantly the substance interferes with the user’s life

The definition of substance abuse according to the DSM-5 is based on:

a.) How much of the substance is consumed per day

b.) How much of the substance is consumed per week

c.) How significantly the substance interferes with the user’s life

d.) The type of substance used

a.) Tolerance; Withdrawal

______ is the need for greater amounts of a drug to experience the same effect, whereas _____ is the negative physical response that occurs when a drug is not taken.

a.) Tolerance; Withdrawal

b.) Delirium; Withdrawal

c.) Dependence; Tolerance

d.) Accommodation; Abuse

d.) Men are more likely to use alcohol and be heavy drinkers.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between gender and alcohol consumption?

a.) Women are more likely to use alcohol, but men are more likely to be heavy drinkers.

b.) Men are more likely to use alcohol, but women are more likely to be heavy drinkers.

c.) Women are more likely to use alcohol and be heavy drinkers.

d.) Men are more likely to use alcohol and be heavy drinkers.

d.) Dopamine; GABA

The primary neurotransmitter affected by cocaine is ______, whereas the primary neurotransmitter affected by opiates is ______.

a.) GABA; Norepinephrine

b.) Acetylcholine; GABA

c.) Norepinephrine; Dopamine

d.) Dopamine; GABA

c.) More pleasure from the drug is reported after repeated use

For marijuana users, “reverse tolerance” occurs when:

a.) Chronic use renders the user unable to feel high

b.) A first-time user does not feel high

c.) More pleasure from the drug is reported after repeated use

d.) A chronic user experiences withdrawal symptoms

c.) Opponent-Process Theory

One psychological component of addiction may involve taking a drug to avoid negative feelings associated with coming down from a high. What theory describes this use of substances to avoid worsening lows?

a.) Tolerance Theory

b.) Substance Cycle Theory

c.) Opponent-Process Theory

d.) Polydependence Theory

b.) Expectancy Effect

Research shows that the way individuals think about a drug influences the way they act when using the drug. This phenomenon is known as the:

a.) Tolerance Paradigm

b.) Expectancy Effect

c.) Dependency Model

d.) Opponent-Process Theory

a.) Aversion Therapy; Covert Sensitization

Carlos’s psychiatrist treats him for cocaine abuse by delivering a shock when Carlos attempts to use cocaine, a treatment known as ______. In contrast, Lisa’s therapist has her imagine having painful seizures at the same time that Lisa is thinking about using cocaine, a treatment known as ______.

a.) Aversion Therapy; Covert Sensitization

b.) Contingency Management; Relapse Prevention

c.) Narcotics Anonymous; Controlled Use

d.) Agonist Substitution; Aversive Treatment

Disorganized

Jane has spent the past half hour staring in the mirror. As you approach her, she turns away and giggles. When you ask what she’s laughing at, she answers, but you’re having difficulty understanding what she says.

Schizophreniform Disorder

Drew has experienced hallucinations and bizarre delusions for the past four months.

Delusional Disorder

Greg’s cognitive skills and affect are relatively intact. He, however, often has delusions and hallucinations that convince him enemies are out to persecute him.