(11) APUSH American Pageant Chapter 22 Review

Reconstruction

The period in American history after the Civil War focused on rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves into society.

Freedmen's Bureau

A government agency created in March 1865 to provide relief to former slaves and poor whites in the South.

40 acres and a mule

A phrase referring to the unfulfilled promise to give land to freed slaves for economic independence.

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Lincoln's plan from 1863 aimed at reconciling the South and encouraging a quick end to the Civil War.

Wade-Davis Bill

A Congressional plan for Reconstruction requiring 50% of voters in Southern states to take an ironclad oath of allegiance.

Black Codes

Laws passed in the South after the Civil War to restrict the rights of freed African Americans.

Sharecropping

An agricultural system where freedmen worked land owned by someone else in exchange for a share of the crops.

13th Amendment

The constitutional amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

14th Amendment

The amendment that granted citizenship to all persons born in the U.S. and provided equal protection under the law.

15th Amendment

The amendment that prohibited the denial of voting rights based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Hiram Revels

The first African American to serve in the U.S. Senate, elected in 1870.

KKK (Ku Klux Klan)

A white supremacist group formed in the South to resist Reconstruction and maintain white dominance.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Legislation that aimed to guarantee African Americans equal access to public accommodations and services.

Compromise of 1877

The agreement that resolved the contested 1876 presidential election and effectively ended Reconstruction.

Radical Republicans

A faction of the Republican Party that advocated for strict Reconstruction policies and strong protections for freedmen.

Scalawags

Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party, often viewed as traitors by other Southerners.

Carpetbaggers

Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction, often seeking personal gain or to provide aid.

Tenure of Office Act

A law aimed at limiting the president's power to dismiss cabinet officials without Senate approval.

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

The political process undertaken by Congress to remove Johnson from office in 1867, ultimately failed.