Unit 1- topics 2 and 3

Elements of Life and Introduction to Biological Macromoleucles

Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

The study of compounds with covalently bonded carbon

Organic Compouunds

Coumpounds that contain carbon and hydrogen

What times of bonds can carbon form? With what elements most commonly?

Single, Double, or triple covalent bonds, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

How can carbon use its valence electrons

To form covalent bonds to other carbons

Hydrocarbons

Organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen

What do carbon chains form? How do those carbon chains vary?

Skeletons; can vary in length, branching, double bond position, and presense of rings

Functional groups

Chemical groups attached to the carbon skeleton that participate in chemical reactions

What are macromolecules?

Carbon forms large moelcules known as macromolecules

What are the 4 classes of macromolecules

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids

Polymers

Chain like macromoleucles of similar or identical repeating units that are covalently bonded together

Monomers

The repeating units that make up polymers

Dehydration reactions

Bonds two monomers with the loss of H₂O

Hydrodrolysis

Breaks the bones in a polymer by adding H₂O