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First recorded civilizations around 3300-750 BC.
Mesopotamia
Corresponds to most parts of present-day Iraq, Iran, Syria, Kuwait, and Turkey
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is between the two rivers of ______
Tigris and Euphrates
– “the land of the black-headed people”
Sumer
wedgeshaped scripts pressed into clay tablets
Cuneiform
used the main base 60 and the auxiliary base 10
• Sumerian number system
– allowed them to travel by sea
Sumerian sailboat
first used by the Sumerians for pottery in 3500 BC and later for transportation
Sumerian wheel
to collect floodwaters coming from the Tigris and Euphrates
Flood bank
became the basis for having 12 lunar months in a year
Sumerian lunar calendar
served as the center of Mesopotamian civilization
Babylonian Civilization
derived from bav-il or bav-ilim meaning "Gates of the Gods
Babylonian Civilization
Babylon is first mentioned in
Genesis 10
According to Genesis 10, Noah’s son, Ham became the father of _________ who became the father of ________
Cush
Nimrod
Genesis 11 tells the story of the
Tower f Babel
References to Babylon in the biblical books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezequiel, Daniel, and the Revelations prompted the expedition of German archaeologist _________
Robert Koldewey
Koldewey's team discovered a basement with fourteen large rooms with stone arch ceilings believed to be
the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
The land of Egypt was known as Kemet, meaning
Black Land"
a 20-meter high statue made of white limestone depicting a reclining sphinx with a lion's body and a human head
Great Sphinx of Giza
served as tombs for the kings and queens of Egypt
Pyramids
pharaoh of the third dynasty of the Old Kingdom built the first Step Pyramid in Saqqara designed by Imhotep
Djoser
- similar to paper was used by the Egyptians as a writing surface
Papyrus
wrote texts describing more than 200 diseases and their corresponding treatments
Imhotep
an ancient civilization located in present-day Pakistan and Northwest India
Indus Valley Civilization
In the 1920s, unearthed the ruins of the Indus Valley civilization-the 4,600-year-old city of Mohenjo-Daro • introduced ne
Indus Valley Civilization
introduced new techniques of metallurgy (bronze, tin, lead) and copper, and lead) handicraft (seal carving and carnelian products)
Indus Valley Civilization
The Greeks and the Romans called China Seres meaning
"the land where the silk comes from"
first to record astronomical phenomena such as the solar eclipse and one of the few to witness a guest star supernova at 1054 BC that created the Crab Nebula
Ancient China
type of ceramic clay pottery
Porcelain
originated in China as early as the Chinese Neolithic period
Silk
initially used for fireworks, was also one of the popular creations of Chinese Taoist
Gunpowder
Ancient Greece refers to a time between 800 BC and 500 BC after the so-called
Greek Dark Ages
Greece is also known as _________ or ______, which is "Greece" in Greek
Hellas
Ellada
These philosophers and many who came after them denied the explanation of religion, superstition, and myths in decoding the human condition and the mechanisms of the world
Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates
best known for the Pythagorean Theorem
Pythagoras
first Western Philosopher and Mathematician, became popular for his precise prediction of the solar eclipse on May 28, 585 BC
Thales of Miletus
– “Father of Western Medicine”
Hippocrates
the pioneering invention that contributed to the creation of water mills.
Philo's Perachora wheel
constructed for water management in Samos and Athens.
Aqueducts
Ctesibius is known for developing the water clock or
clepsydra
invention of the ____ is attributed to Archimedes of Syracuse during the First Punic War
odometer
first to describe and diagnose symptoms of different diseases and their corresponding treatments
Galen
built the first Roman aqueduct called Aqua Appia
Appius Claudius Caecus
the largest amphitheater ever built
Colosseum
- a former Roman temple
Pantheon
For long range artilleries, the Romans used the ______to penetrate enemy frontiers
ballista
The ____, adopted from the Greeks, was a combustible weapon capable of propelling bombs at the opponen
Greek fire
A historical region and cultural area in North America that spans territories from Mexico to Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador
Mesoamerica
The Maya civilization built a number of _____________where astronomical events were studied
observatories
They used pictographs as their system of writing, and their language was called the
Nahuatl
the largest Mesoamerican civilization.
Inca civilization
a set of strings used for recording information such as tax records, census records, and calendar information.
Quipu
Inca's official language
Quechua