Neurological disorders

An involuntary and violent movement of a large body part.

Hemiballism

A neurological disorder characterized by slow, writhing, and continuous worm-like movement of the limbs or trunk

Athetosis

A neurological condition characterized by brief, irregular, random and “dance like” movements.

Chorea

What are common symptoms of Upper motor neuron lesions

Muscle weakness, hypertonicity, hyperreflexia and spasticity

Diagnosis such as CP, hydrocephalus, ALS, CVA, MS, TBI and huntingtins chorea are characterized as what type of neuron lesion?

Upper motor neuron lesion

What are common symptoms of lower motor neuron lesions?

Muscle weakness, hypotonicity, hyporeflexia, flaccidity, fasciculations, muscle atrophy

Diagnosis such as ALS, Guillain bare syndrome, trauma, muscular atrophy, bells palsy, and infection are characterized as what type of neuron lesion?

Lower motor neuron lesion

A neurological disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions that result in abnormal or repetitive movements, postures, or both.

Dystonia

The inability to initiate movement, commonly seen in parkinson’s patients.

Akinesia

What neurological disease is characterized by the “sprouting” of motor neurons in the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord. Results in the loss of motor function initially affecting the limbs and bulbar.

ALS

What symptoms are common in patients with hungingtons disease that are not in chorea?

Cognitive decline and psychiatric changes

A PROGRESSIVE neurodegenerative disease were the development of AMYLOID plaques results in deterioration and irreversible damage to the cortex and subcortical areas of the brain.

Alzheimers disease

A neurological condition (typically temporary) that results in unilateral facial paralysis secondary to trauma with demyelination and/or axonal degeneration of the facial nerve.

Bells palsy

Progressive neurodegenerative disorder initially affecting new learning and concentration, end stage leads to severe intellectual and physical destruction, incontinence, functional dependence and an inability to speak.

Alzheimers disease

Neurological condition characterized by muscle weakness and SIGNIFICANT muscle fatiguability. Ocular muscles are often affected first, with dysphagia, dysarthria and cranial nerve weakness also being common symptoms.

Myasthenia gravis

Neurological disorder affecting movement and posture as a result of a brain lesion occurring in the fetal or infant brain. Common impairments include persistence of primitive reflexes, spasticity, athetosis and/or equinovarus contractures.

Cerebral palsy

Pathology that consists of axonal demyelination and sclerotic plaques found throughout the brain AND spinal cord.

Multiple sclerosis

Pathology characterized by the destruction of dopamine-producing cells within the basal ganglia.

Parkinsons disease

Pathology characterized by tissue changes in the brain including atrophy of the basil ganglia and enlargement of the ventricles

Huningtins’s

Receptive disorder associated with left hemisphere damage

Wernickes aphasia

A physical therapist assistant treats a patient with Parkinson’s disease using whole-body vibration. Which symptom associated with Parkinson’s disease would this intervention MOST influence?

1.Dysphagia

2.Tremor

3.Akinesia

4.Cognitive impairment

2

A patient who sustained a CVA to what hemisphere exhibits restless, impatience, impulsiveness and poor awareness of impairments.

Right hemisphere

A patient who sustained a CVA to what hemisphere exhibits cautiousness, anxiousness, and disorganization.

Left hemisphere

To facilitate clonus specifically to the plantar flexors, should the muscle be positioned in a lengthen or a partially lengthened position?

Partially lengthened

Which of the following behavioral deficits would be MOST consistent with a cerebrovascular accident affecting the left hemisphere?

1.Inability to self-correct

2.Denial of disability

3.Poor judgement

4.Excessive caution

4

lack of awareness or denial of a neurological defect

Anosognosia

Difficulty with rapid alternating movements

dysdiadochokinesia