if you're studying this then that means my heart is still working (the celsius did not kill me) (missing mimicry lecture notes)

Which of these is not a catcus growth form?

Spike

The difference between spines and thorns is what type of tissue they develop from.

True

What adaptation traps a thin layer of air against a plant's epidermis?

Trichomes

Which of these parts of a plant's body can be engorged to hold water among succulent species?

All of these

The CAM of CAM photosynthesis stands for ________________.

Crassulacean acid metabolism

Which factors affect soil quality?

All of these

For an element to be regarded as essential, all of the following criteria must be met, except:

The element is inorganic.

The nutrient that is part of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, and that forms biomolecules, is

________.

Carbon

What type of plant problems result from nitrogen and calcium deficiencies?

All of these

Which process produces an inorganic compound that plants can easily use?

Nitrogen fixation

The stamen consists of a long stalk called the filament that supports the ________.

Anther

What is the term for a fruit that develops from tissues other than the ovary?

Acessory fruit

What term is used to describe an incomplete flower lacking the androecium?

carpellate

The pollen lands on which part of the flower?

Stigma

What type of symmetry does this flower show?

Bisymmetry

Asexual reproduction using a stolen uses a type of

Runner

Which of these is not a characteristic of flowers pollinated by birds

Strong perfume

Which of these is a characteristic that flowers that are pollinated by wind and those that are pollinated by water hold in common?

They produce lots of pollen

Germination cannot take place until ______________ and ____________ reach the embryo.

Carbon dioxide, water

Which of these is not an adaptation of seeds?

Assists in the germination of the plant

Contractile roots can pull a desert bulb plant 50cm underground!

False

What does it mean for a plant to be hemiparasitic?

It can photosynthesize but cannot get its own water and nutrients

Gas exchange in CAM photosynthesis occurs during the day.

False

Which statement is true of phraetophytes?

They have deep tap roots

What as an important adaptation to the sap or juices of succulents?

It is mucilaginous

Most ________ are necessary for enzyme function.

micronutrients

Through mycorrhization, a plant obtains important nutrients such as ________.

phosphorus, zinc, and copper

Farmers often rotate corn (a cereal crop) and soy beans (a legume) planting a field with each crop in

alternate seasons. What advantage might this crop rotation confer?

This returns nitrogen to the soil because the soy beans' roots are not harvested

Which horizon is considered the topsoil, and which is considered the subsoil?

The A horizon is the topsoil; the B horizon is the subsoil

If the anther is missing, what type of reproductive structure will the flower be unable to produce?

Pollen

What is the shape of this flower?

crateriform

Plants that flower once in their lifetime are known as ________.

monocarpic

The term for pollination by animals is ________________.

Zoophily

Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

When cuttings or buds are taken from an adult plant or plant parts, the resulting plant will grow into an adult faster than a seedling.

Which of these is not an example of a pollinator?

Millipedes

Which of these is the major defining characteristic of deserts?

Aridity

The sclerophyllous leaves of some desert trees are _____________.

Hard

In CAM photosynthesis, what is the first stable product of carbon fixation?

Malate

A soil consists of layers called ________ that taken together are called a ________.

horizons : soil profile

What term describes an incomplete flower lacking a gynoecium?

Staminate

Urn-shaped flowers, such as heather, are ______________.

Urceolate

The ________ is the outermost covering of a fruit

Exocarp

Psychophily is the term for pollination by ___________.

Butterflies

In CAM photosynthesis, carbon is stored in the vacuole as a balance of which intermediate forms?

Malic acid and malate

What is a key adaptation of saltbush?

Excretes salts on its leaves (defense & removes them from the plant)

What is the benefit for a plant that is drought deciduous?

Lower water requirement

Which factors affect soil quality?

All of these

What is the main water source for land plants?

Soil

Plant species that complete their lifecycle in one season are known as ________.

Annuals

What are the characteristics of parthenogenesis?

Growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization by sperm

Which statement is true about desert plant leaves?

All of these

A seed has tissues derived from how many generations?

3

Which of these are qualities common to plants pollinated at night?

All of these

What is the benefit of ribbed ridges on a cactus?

Allows the plant to hold more water

What is the benefit of having trichomes?

They help control plant's temperature

Salt-tolerant plants are called ____________.

Halophytes

Cactus spines grow from reduced branches called ___________.

areoles

Which type of photosynthesis is the most common among plants?

C₃

Soil particles that are 0.1 to 2 mm in diameter are called ________.

Sand

Apomixis is a type of _____________.

parthenogenesis

Why do cacti not keep their rain roots permanently?

conserve water supply

Which is the first whorl of a flower?

Septals

Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

When cuttings or buds are taken from an adult plant or plant parts, the resulting plant will grow into an adult faster than

a seedling.

Which of these is a way seeds are dispersed?

all of these

Which of these is not a cactus growth form?

Spike

What is a key adaptation of pickleweed?

Sequesters salts in its tissues as a defense against herbivory

Which of these is a CAM plant?

Prickly pear

How to desert plants reflect light and heat instead of absorbing it?

leaf color

UV markings on flowers, like these, are called ______.

honey guides

Which statement is true of geophytes?

They have succulent roots to hold water

How do annual plants survive the hottest time of year in the desert?

Seed dormancy

Why do some deserts have high levels of salt?

They were ancient inland seas and the salt is from evaporated salt water

Approximately what proportion of all plants are pollinated by animals?

75%

What does it mean for a plant to be hemiparasitic?

It can photosynthesize but cannot get its own water and nutrients

On a hot, dry day, the guard cells of plants close their stomata to conserve water. What impact will this have on photosynthesis?

Levels of carbon dioxide (a necessary photosynthetic substrate) will immediately fall. As a result, the rate of photosynthesis will be inhibited.

What is the initial source of electrons for the chloroplast electron transport chain?

1. Water

Which of the following statements is true?

In photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide are reactants. G3P and oxygen are products.

Which of the following components is not used by both plants and cyanobacteria to carry out photosynthesis?

chloroplasts

What two main products result from photosynthesis?

sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen

In which compartment of the plant cell do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place?

stroma

Which statement about thylakoids in eukaryotes is not correct?

Thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes.

Predict the end result if a chloroplast’s light-independent enzymes developed a mutation that prevented them from activating in response to light.

Water accumulation

How are the NADPH and G3P molecules made during photosynthesis similar?

They are both end products of photosynthesis.

Which of the following structures is not a component of a photosystem?

ATP synthase

How many photons does it take to fully reduce one molecule of NADP⁺ to NADPH?

2

Which complex is not involved in the establishment of conditions for ATP synthesis?

photosystem II

From which component of the light-dependent reactions does NADPH form most directly?

photosystem I

Three of the same species of plant are each grown under a different colored light for the same amount of time. Plant A is grown under blue light, Plant B is grown under green light, and Plant C is grown under orange light. Assuming the plants use only chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b for photosynthesis, what would be the predicted order of the plants from most growth to least growth?

1. A, C, B

Plants containing only chlorophyll b are exposed to radiation with the following wavelengths: 10nm (x-rays), 450nm (blue light), 670nm (red light), and 800nm (infrared light). Which plants harness the most energy for photosynthesis?

1. X-ray irradiated plants

2. Blue light irradiated plants

3. Red light irradiated plants

4. Infrared irradiated plants

Which molecule must enter the Calvin cycle continually for the light-independent reactions to take place?

CO₂

Which order of molecular conversions is correct for the Calvin cycle?

RuBP + CO2 → [RuBisCO] 3-PGA → G3PRuBP + CO2 → [RuBisCO] 3-PGA → G3P

Where in eukaryotic cells does the Calvin cycle take place?

chloroplast stroma

Which statement correctly describes carbon fixation?

the conversion of CO₂ into an organic compound.

If four molecules of carbon dioxide enter the Calvin cycle (four “turns” of the cycle), how many G3P molecules are produced and how many are exported?

8 G3P made, 1 G3P exported

Soil compaction can result when soil is compressed by heavy machinery or even foot traffic. How might this compaction change the soil composition?

The air content of the soil decreases.

An embryo sac is missing the synergids. What specific impact would you expect this to have on fertilization?

The pollen tube will form but will not be guided toward the egg.

What is the function of the cotyledon?

It provides nutrition for the embryo.

In a plant’s male reproductive organs, development of pollen takes place in a structure known as the ________.

microsporangium

The stamen consists of a long stalk called the filament that supports the ________.

anther

The ________ are collectively called the calyx.

sepals