Introduction to Criminal Justice Chapter 5

Sheriff derived from where

the Old English term "shire reeve," meaning county and agent of the king

What are a sherriffs current duties

to act as officer of the court, summon juries, and enforce civil judgment

American Sherriff

reamins basic source of rural crime control

Coroner

An official responsible for investigating deaths, determining causes of death, and conducting autopsies.

coroners can serve as what

temporary acting-sheriff

Constable duties

collecting taxes, supervising highways, serving as margistrate

What limited constables to only making arrest with warrants

creation of justice of the peace

The London police were nicknamed what

bobbies

Who established the London Police Force and is the Father of modern policing

Sir Robert Peel

The Police Reform Era took place where

England 1829

The polictial era took place when

1840s-1930s

In the political era to become an officer

you would have to know someone high up or a politican

Why was their corruption in the political era

The higher up people who got the jobs often sought personal gain or political favor, leading to widespread bribery and nepotism.

The reform era took place when

1930s-1980s

Who shaped the reform era

August Vollmer

Who was August Vollmer

he started as a town marshal in Berkeley, CA and known as the father of American Policing

What did August Vollmer do for America

increased force size, added bicycles, introduced emergency notification system, initiated formal police school, added cars, first radio car

William Parker said there is what

thin blue line between law and order and anarchy

Grand Jury

A group of citizens that determines whether there is enough evidence to indict a suspect and formally charge them with a crime.

Policing Era

Periods in the history of policing, highlighting the evolution of police practices, including the Political Era, the Reform Era, and the Community Era.

What is an example of community policing

cops and kids, citizens academy, Findlay National Night Out

Community Policing

A strategy of law enforcement that seeks to build positive relationships between police forces and communities, promoting problem-solving and community engagement.

Tithings

Groups of ten households maintained by the early English sheriff for the purpose of law enforcement and community oversight.

Civic Responsibilities

Duties expected of citizens to create a safe and equitable community, including participation in the civic and criminal justice processes.

Justice of the Peace

A local magistrate with limited jurisdiction to administer justice in minor civil and criminal matters.

Examples of Corruption in Policing

Engagement by police officers in illegal activities or excessive use of force, undermining public trust in law enforcement.

Social Justice Issues

Concerns related to the equitable distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society, often linked to civil rights and community welfare.

What does DHS stand for

Department of Homeland Security

What does DOJ stand for

Department of Justice

When was the DHS

Established in November 2002 in response to 9/11

Department of Homeland Security includes

CBP, ICE, TSA, Coast Guard, Secret Service, Federal Protective Service, CISA

What does CBP stand for

Customs and Border Protection

What does the CBP do

preventing terrorist and terrorist weapons from entering the U.S while facilitating the flow of legimate trade and travel

What does ICE stand for

Immigration and Customs Enforcement

What does ICE do

They are the largest investigative arm of the DHS, responsibile for indentifying and shutting down vulnerabilities both in nation’s borders and in economic transportation, and infastructure

What does TSA stand for

Transportation Security Administration

what does the TSA do

protectes the nation’s transportations systems

What is Federal Air Marshall

armed federal law enforcement officers dressed in plain clothes who sit on passanger flights worldwide to protect passangers and crew from terrorist violence

What is the Coast Guard

nation’s leading maritime law enforcement agency, broad police power to enforce federal laws and treaties on waters under U.S. jurisdiction and other internal agreements on the high seas

Who does the Secret Service employee

special agents, uniformed officers, and specialized/technical support personnel

what does the secret service do

protect the present, pass, and running presidents and other high level officals, and investigates counterfiting and other financial crimes

What does the Federal Protective Service do

focuses on federal facilities and identify and assess threats, conduct surveillance, monitor suspicious activity, undertake deterrence patrols, engage in community policing activities, and oversee screening operations for 9,000 federal facilities

What does the CISA stand for

Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency

What does the CISA do

responsible for coordinating the effort to protect critical infrastructure and working with other government agencies and the private sector to prevent cyber attacks

What is the FLETC

Federal Law Enforcement training for 90+ federal agencies

Who heads the DOJ

The attorney general of the united states

what does the FBI stand for

Federal Bureau of Investigation

What does the FBI do

main federal law enforcement branch of the federal government, protects from terrorist attacks, foreign intelligence operations and espionage, cyberattacks, police corruption, white collar crime, crimes against children, violent crime/major offenders

FBI labratory examines

all forensics related evidence— blood, hair, firearms

What does ATF stand for

Alcohol, Tabacco, Firearms, and Explposives

What does ATF do

administers u.s criminal code concerning alcohol and tabacco smuggling and diversion

What does DEA stand for

Drug Enforcement Administration

What does the DEA do

investigation of major violations of controlles substance laws, managment of national drug intelligence program, seziure and forfeiture of assets relates to illcit drug trafficking

What does the U.S Marshals Service do

transport federal prisoners, protect federal judges and judcial facilities, provode security for prosecutors and witness, operates the witness security program

What does the IRS do

monitoring and collection of federal income taxes, criminal investigation branch looks at tax, money laundering and bank secrect act laws

What does CIA stand for

Central Intelligence Agency

What does the CIA do

undercover and covert operations worldwide to manage crises and provide intelligence

What is INTERPOL

organization of countries shared police info, shares red notices

Stae Highway Patrol

typically patrols and investigates crimes/crashes and enforces state lawas on state highway systems

What do the State Police do

has the same responsibilites as highway patrol, but also includes state wide crime enforcement and crime labs

What is an SBI

State Bureau of Investigation

What does the SBI do

Investigate criminal and civil cases involving state or multiple jurisdictions; provide additional support to local agencies

What is ABC

Alcohol Beverage Control

What is ABC responsible for

Catching underage and illegal selling

Fish and Game

make sure people have the proper licesnses and do not poach or exceed their limits

Municipal police departments

provide range of enforcement, investigative, order-maintenance functions

County Sherriff’s office

provide range of enforcement, investigative, and order-maintenance functions

Private police/security officers provide protections for

computers, lotteries, celebrities, college campuses, casinos, shopping centers, hospitals

Proprietary services

in-house securtiy, hired and controlled directly by the organization

Contract services

outside firms providing security services for a fee

What falls under the department of justice

FBI, ATF, DEA, U.S. Marshals Service, IRS