chapter 9

voltaic cell

chemical energy is converted into electrical energy by means of chemical reactions

electromotive force

generated when electrons flow from the half-cell with more negative charge to the half-cell with more positive charge

standard electrode potential

electromotive force when a half-cell is connected to the standard hydrogen electrode

salt bridge

balances charges

electrolysis

an electric current is used to break down a substance into its components

electrolyte

molten/aqueous compounds that conduct electricity by flow of ions

conductors

metals and graphite that conduct electricity by flow of electrons

types of half cell

1. solid and aq solution

2. aq solution and gases

3. aq solutions with different ionic charges