Mock DANB - Dental Materials

Variables Affecting Luting Cement Performance

Strength, solubility, viscosity, biocompatibility, and thickness

Patient and operator positioning for impressions

patient should be in an upright sitting position, the operator should be behind the patient and slightly to the right

Altering the setting time of alginate

changing the water temperature or altering the powder-to-water ratio.

Advantages of using curing light for polymerization of dental sealants and composites

• Quick polymerization

• Better depth of cure with newer LED lights

Disadvantages of using curing light for polymerization of dental sealants and composites

• Potential for overheating, leading to damage of the restoration or pulp

• Inconsistent light output can affect polymerization quality.

• Risk of not curing from improper use.

Sequence for placing sealants

• cleaning the tooth surface,

• etch with an acid to create a rough texture

• rinse and dry

• apply the sealant material.

• cure the sealant with a curing light.

Endodontic Irrigation Solutions

• Sodium hypochlorite: dissolves necrotic tissue, antimicrobial (household bleach)

• Chlorhexidine: broad-spectrum antibacterial solution with lower cytotoxicity

• EDTA: removes smear layer and dentin debris

• Saline or distilled water: used for rinsing

Type 1 Cements

cements are used primarily for temporary restorations and as luting agents for crowns and bridges, providing adhesion and protection to dentin.

Examples: Zinc oxide-eugenol, glass ionomer

Osseointegration

the process where dental implants become securely anchored to the bone, allowing for stability and support of prosthetic teeth.

Advantages of zinc-oxide eugenol (ZOE)

• sedative effect on pulp

• ease of use during placement.

• Neutral pH doesn’t upset pulp

Disadvantages of zinc-oxide eugenol (ZOE)

• Weakest

• Temporary

• not used under composite

Retromolar area of impressions

the space behind the last molar in the mandible, often recorded in dental impressions to ensure accurate fit for prosthetics

Indications for tooth whitening

Tooth discoloration from staining, aging, or trauma

Aesthetics

Gypsum Type 1

Impression plaster used for making preliminary impressions in dentistry. (rarely used)

Gypsum Type 2

Model plaster used for creating casts or models in dentistry.

Gypsum Type 3

Dental Stone used for creating accurate and durable models and casts in dentistry. (working casts)

Gypsum Type 4 and 5

High-strength, low expansion dental stone used for making more precise and durable casts, typically used in crown and bridge work. (die stones)

Diagnostic study models

Models made from gypsum used for evaluation and planning in orthodontics and prosthodontics.

Syneresis

Loss of water from impression material, causing shrinkage

Imbitition

The absorption of water by impression material, leading to swelling.

Inlay wax

used to create inlays for restoration of cavities

Baseplate wax

used for denture construction

Utility wax

for border molding and protecting soft tissues

Sticky wax

used for assembling models and holding components in place

Varnish

a liquid applied to dental cavities to protect the pulp and reduce sensitivity. Seals dentinal tubules, reduces microleakage

Desensitizer

used to alleviate sensitivity in teeth by occluding dentinal tubules and providing a protective barrier

Base

used to provide thermal insulation, support restoration, and protect the pulp in cavity preparations

Liner

protects the pulp, promotes dentin regeneration

Indications for Intermediate or Provisional Restorations

• Reduce sensitivity and discomfort

• Aesthetics

• protect margins of preperation

• prevent shifting of opposing or adjacent teeth

Water-to-Powder Ratio for Mandibular Impressions

2 scoops to 2 measures of water

Water-to-Powder Ratio for Maxillary Impressions

3 scoops to 3 measures of water

Indications for temporary cement

• Easy removal

• for provisional restorations, seals margins, and provides retention.

Inlay materials include:

• Gold alloys: durable, precise fit

• Ceramics: aesthetic, biocompatible

• Composite resins: less expensive, used in conservative restorations

Gutta percha

A rubber-like material used in root canal therapy to fill and seal the cleaned canals, preventing reinfection.