1004 midterm guide

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Registered Nurse

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A healthcare professional who has completed the necessary education and training to provide medical care to patients.

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Metaparadigm

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A set of theories or ideas that provide structure for how a discipline should function, including concepts of person, environment, health care, and nursing care.

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109 Terms

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Registered Nurse

A healthcare professional who has completed the necessary education and training to provide medical care to patients.

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Metaparadigm

A set of theories or ideas that provide structure for how a discipline should function, including concepts of person, environment, health care, and nursing care.

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Holism

The belief that physical health is affected by beliefs, expectations, and thoughts, and that the body, mind, and spirit are interconnected.

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Spirituality

The meaning, purpose, connectedness, relationship, transcendence, healing, and intuitive sense in a person's life.

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Religion

An organized system of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, including belief in or the worship of a god or gods.

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Faith

Takes a holistic approach to promoting health and preventing disease, emphasizing the importance of addressing a person's physical, emotional, spiritual, and social needs.

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Atheist

Individuals who do not believe in the existence of god.

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Agnostic

Individuals who believe that any ultimate reality is unknown.

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Transcendence

An awareness of something that a person cannot see or know in ordinary physical ways, or an experience of fullness that goes beyond daily life.

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Professional Identity

A sense of oneself that is influenced by the characteristics, norms, and values of the nursing discipline, resulting in an individual thinking, acting, and feeling like a nurse.

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Profession

An occupation that requires extensive education, special knowledge, skill, and preparation.

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Professionalism

Adherence to the standards of practice in the nursing profession, including behaviors, qualities, values, and attitudes that demonstrate accountability, knowledge, visibility, and ethics.

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Nursing roles

Direct caregiver, advocate, leader, communicator, educator, counselor, coordinator of care, researcher, manager, case manager, change agent.

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Climate change

Significant, long-term changes in the global climate, including indicators such as increased polar ice melts, extreme weather events, and impacts on health.

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Greenhouse effect

The process in which gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat, making Earth warmer than it would be without an atmosphere.

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Anthropogenic climate change

Human-caused changes to the climate, primarily driven by the burning of fossil fuels and resulting in global warming.

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Eco-literacy

The ability to identify, classify, and name different aspects of the environment, and to take action and participate in decision-making processes related to environmental problems and issues.

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Upstream approach

Addressing the root causes of health consequences related to climate change, challenging behaviors that drive climate change, and taking a sustainable approach to mitigate its impacts.

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Downstream approach

Supporting clients' ability to adapt to changing conditions caused by climate change, while also preparing for the impact and ensuring emergency preparedness.

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Mitigation

Taking action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the impacts of climate change, aligning with the upstream approach.

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Advocates for

Green energy policy

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Advocates for

Accessible and effective public transportation

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Advocates for

Mandatory eco-literacy

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Adaptation

Process of adjustments to actual or expected climate change and its effects

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Resilience

Ability to anticipate, adapt to and absorb climate change

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Sustainable development

Developed nations need to take leadership under the principle code of international equity

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Vector-borne diseases

Organisms that can spread infectious agents from animal to human or between humans

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Zoonotic diseases

Diseases caused by germs that spread bacteria between animals and people

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Leadership

Interactive process that provides guidance and direction

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Standards

Minimal level of performance expected against which actual performance can be measured

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Scope

Range of roles, functions, responsibilities, and activities which RNs are educated and authorized to perform

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Competencies

Observable ability of RN at entry level that integrates the knowledge, skills, abilities, and judgments required to practice safely and ethically

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Self-regulation

Responsible for acting professionally and being accountable for own practice

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4 Pillars of Indigenous Holistic Framework

Respect, Relevance, Reciprocity, Responsibility

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Indigenous views on health

Broad, holistic, a journey, communal, long-term/cyclical, inclusive

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First Nations

Aboriginal peoples of Canada neither metis nor Inuit

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Beothuk

Algonkian-speaking hunter-gathers, extinct indigenous group in Newfoundland and Labrador

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Innu Nation of Labrador

Indigenous group residing on reserves and traditionally revolving around caribou

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Miawpukek First Nation

Only reservation in Newfoundland and Labrador

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Nunatsiavut Inuit

Inuit group in Labrador with a unique culture compared to others in Canada

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NunatuKavut Inuit

Inuit group in Labrador with significant European commercial activity and limited access to southern cats

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Qalipu First Nation

Indigenous group in Newfoundland and Labrador with a cultural identity demonstrated through visual and musical arts

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Royal Proclamation (Magna Carta)

Established a system of governance for former French colonies and created a process of negotiation with indigenous peoples for land procurement

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Doctrine of discovery

Signed in 1493 by Pope Alexander VI, stating that any land not owned by Christians was "terra nullins" (empty land)

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Residential Schools

Federal government initiative that removed indigenous children from their communities to assimilate them into "Canadian" culture

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The 60's Scoop

Government initiative that removed indigenous children from their families and placed them in foster homes or adopted them to white families

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The Millennial Scoop

Indigenous children brought into the child welfare system and placed into families of other ethnicities throughout Canada

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Indian Act

Initially intended to protect indigenous rights but resulted in forced assimilation and negative impacts such as residential schools and the sixties scoop

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Medicine Chest Clause

In Treaty 6, meaning that all medicines, drugs, or medical supplies were to be supplied free of charge to "treaty Indians"

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Two-eyed seeing

Seeing from both indigenous knowledge and Western knowledge perspectives and using both together

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Walking in Two Worlds

Concept of a holistic lifelong learning model that recognizes indigenous teachings and concepts as well as Western sciences

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Weir Report

A survey of nursing education in Canada in 1932 that confirmed insufficient classroom instruction and a lack of variety in clinical experience.

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Victorian Order of Nurses

Signified professional standard of education, emphasized the need for selflessness and compassion from nurses.

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Florence Nightingale Model

Established the Nightingale Training School of Nurses, considered a pioneer of nursing.

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Application of spiritual care in nursing

Establishing a caring relationship, establishing presence, supporting religious practices, supporting what is important to the patient, use of support systems.

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Medical approach to health

Focuses on the treatment of disease, emphasizes that medical intervention restores health, health problems are defined as physiological risk factors for disease.

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Behavioural approach to health

Shift from medical approach, health influenced by lifestyle, environment, human biology, and organization of health care.

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Socio-environmental approach to health

Health closely tied to social structure, emphasis on relationship between personal health behaviors and social and physical environments.

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Internal environment

Mental state, addictions, physical pain.

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External environment

Surroundings or conditions in which a person lives.

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Cultural environment

Socially transmitted knowledge of values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group.

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Political environment

Municipal, provincial, national, and global factors that influence health.

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Social environment

Income, employment, social status, education, social support networks.

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Role of the nurse in relation to the environment

Supporting environmental preservation and restoration, advocating for initiatives that reduce environmentally harmful practices, maintaining awareness of global health concerns.

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Drivers of anthropogenic climate change

Economic development, resource depletion, environmental degradation, demographic transition.

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Indicators of global climate change

Increased polar ice melts, tropical storms and hurricanes, heavy precipitation and floods, droughts, heat waves, forest fires.

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Climate change indicators for our province

Extreme heat and cold, freezing rain, winter storms, hurricanes, storm surges, rising sea levels.

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Mudrock

Landslides, debris flow, avalanche.

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Water/Food contamination

Impacts of climate change on health.

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Eastern equine encephalitis

Impacts of climate change on health.

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Example of action to decrease carbon emissions and build sustainable action

BC climate tool kit, Paris climate agreement, Pan-Canadian framework, Canada's implementation of 2030 agenda, Hands around the earth (indigenous), CANE-ALLE (between nurses and green healthcare).

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Traditional knowledge

Great wisdom and care for the environment, informs preservation of health, sustainable actions, and environmental stewardship.

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Traditional Indigenous knowledge

Insight developed over centuries of practice and experience, aware of relationship between people and the environment.

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The Land in Indigenous cultures

Foundational to protocols, ceremonies, tradition, and practices, living entity with a symbolic relationship.

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Elders in Indigenous cultures

Holders of wisdom, knowledge, tradition, culture, values, and lessons, do not need to be old, disciplined lifelong learners.

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Health in Indigenous cultures

Complete physical, mental, and social well-being, broad definition encompassing interpersonal and environmental relationships, spiritual considerations.

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Oral Transmission

Cultural transmission through repetition of words and wisdom, sharing stories reinforces interpersonal relationships.

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4 Pillars of the Indigenous Holistic Framework

Respect, Relevance, Reciprocity, Responsibility.

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Calls to action pertaining to Indigenous health in the Truth and Reconciliation Agreement

Recognition of Aboriginal healing practices, cultural competency training for healthcare professionals.

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Impacts of climate change on health

Increased diseases, injuries, and premature deaths related to extreme weather events, vector-borne diseases, disruption of food and water.

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Example of a vector-borne or zoonotic disease

West Nile virus, Lyme disease, Malaria.

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Canadians at risk for vector-borne diseases

Change in environmental factors, location of transmission cycle, number of pathogens and vectors, alteration to human activity, temperature and rainfall.

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Nurses' role in climate change and health

Care for clients affected by climate change, engage in prevention and health promotion.

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Relationship between sustainability and equity

Developed nations need to take leadership under the principle of international equity.

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Relationship between sustainability, social justice, and the CNA Code of Ethics

Code of ethics centered on societal issues affecting health and well-being, nurses advocate for improvements.

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Nurses' engagement in climate change at different levels

Individual, colleagues, patients, health systems and governments.

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Characteristics of a profession

Extensive education or special knowledge, specific service, professional organization, autonomy, research, code of ethics.

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Characteristics of a professional

Trustworthy, high standards, calm in stress, knowledgeable, ethical, confident, polite, well-spoken, rational.

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Attributes of effective leadership

Follower, vision, communication, decision-making, change.

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How students can be leaders

Develop followership, define a long-term plan, communicate, make decisions, guide change.

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Social power

The potential to influence others, leadership styles influence how a leader uses power.

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Expanded roles of RNs

Nurse practitioner, Clinical nurse specialist, Nurse researcher, Nurse midwife, Nurse educator.

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Registered Nursing Union of Newfoundland and Labrador

Negotiates, advocates, champions, and protects.

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RN Act (2008)

Gave nurses the right to self-regulation and provided CRNNL with the authority to set the standard and scope of practice for RNs and NPs of NL.

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Standards

Minimal level of performance expected against which actual performance can be measured.

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Four categories of Standards

Responsibility and accountability, Knowledge-based practice, Client-centered practice, Professional relationships and leadership.

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When it is appropriate to do a skill (educated, authorized, competent)

Educated - Do I know how? Authorized - Am I allowed? Competent - Am I able to do this correctly?

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Indigenous Peoples as a Special Population

Identified by the United Nations due to health and well-being disparities and high population growth.

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Difference between Indigenous and Western/European views of health

Indigenous view is broad, holistic, a journey, communal, and inclusive. Western/European view is narrower, discrete, a destination, individualized, and exclusive.

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Important points to consider when caring for Indigenous people

Avoid assumptions, be aware of generational trauma, and respect cultural diversity.