Final Study Guide Flashcards

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Vocabulary flashcards based on the final study guide topics.

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38 Terms

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Tantra

A complex system of beliefs and practices aiming at spiritual liberation through the controlled use of rituals, yoga, and meditation.

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Rajneesh/Osho

Indian guru and spiritual teacher.

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Superconsciousness

A heightened state of awareness beyond normal consciousness.

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Sheela Silverman

Spokesperson for the Rajneesh movement.

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Rajneeshpuram

An intentional community and city founded by followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh in Wasco County, Oregon.

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Dynamic Meditation

A type of meditation developed by Osho involving vigorous physical activity.

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Purusha

A concept in Hinduism referring to the universal self or principle of consciousness.

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Androgyne

Having both male and female characteristics.

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Stonewall

Refers to the Stonewall riots, a series of spontaneous demonstrations by members of the LGBTQ+ community in response to a police raid in 1969.

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Queer theology

A field of theological study that explores and critiques traditional religious views on sexuality and gender identity from a queer perspective.

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Liberation theology

A movement in Christian theology that emphasizes concern for the oppressed and marginalized.

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Wicca/Paganism

Modern pagan religions often drawing on pre-Christian traditions.

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Aleister Crowley

Influential English occultist, ceremonial magician, poet and mountaineer, responsible for founding the religion of Thelema.

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Magic

The power of apparently influencing the course of events by using mysterious or supernatural forces.

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Raelians

Members of a UFO religion that believe life on Earth was created by extraterrestrial scientists.

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Elohim

A term used in the Bible to refer to God or gods.

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Branch Davidians

A religious sect that was involved in a standoff with the FBI in 1993.

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Seventh Day Adventists

A Protestant Christian denomination distinguished by its observance of Saturday as the Sabbath.

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Buddhism

A religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha.

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Buddha

A title given to Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism.

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Enlightenment

In Buddhism, the state of gaining true knowledge or wisdom.

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Types of Judaism

Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, Reconstructionist.

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Temperance movement

A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

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Prohibition

The prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the United States between 1920 and 1933.

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Peyote

A spineless, dome-shaped cactus native to Mexico and the southwestern United States. It contains the psychoactive alkaloid mescaline.

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Fourteenth Amendment

Ratified in 1868, it granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including formerly enslaved people—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.”

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RFRA

Religious Freedom Restoration Act, enacted in 1993, aimed at protecting religious freedom.

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Employment Division v. Smith

A 1990 Supreme Court case that determined that a state does not need to accommodate religious conduct if it violates a valid law that applies to everyone.

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Ayahuasca

A psychoactive brew used in indigenous cultures of the Amazon basin for spiritual and healing purposes.

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Santo Daime

A syncretic religion originating in Brazil that incorporates elements of Christianity, indigenous traditions, and African religions.

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União do Vegetal

A religious group that uses ayahuasca.

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Gonzales v. Uniao do Vegetal

A U.S. Supreme Court case concerning the use of ayahuasca for religious purposes.

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Cannabis

A psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant used for medical or recreational purposes.

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First Church of Cannabis

A church founded in Indiana to challenge laws on cannabis use.

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Catholic sex abuse scandal

A series of scandals involving allegations of sexual abuse by Catholic clergy.

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SBD sex abuse scandal

Southern Baptist denomination sex abuse scandal

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Evangelicals

A diverse group of Protestant Christians who emphasize the experience of conversion.

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Flying Spaghetti Monster

A parody religion used to protest the teaching of intelligent design in public schools.