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Which of the following is true about altruism?
An altruistic act does not seek reward and may be carried out with some cost to the helper.
Kin Selection Theory is based on the idea that as a species, we try to maximize the passing on of genes of my species, even if it may mean that I, personally, do not survive. This is an evolutionary theory known as:
Inclusive fitness
According to Kin Selection Theory, what is the greatest predictor that an individual would be willing to help someone?
Genetic similarity
One of the limitations of research on altruism is that much of the research is based on anecdotal data. What is the most significant problem with this type of data?
It is always retrospective in nature and there is no control over variables.
Which of the following is not true of evolutionary explanations of prosocial behaviour?
Genetic evidence indicates that helping is inherited, supporting the evolutionary argument.
According to Batson't Empathy Altruism Model, what happens if you do not feel empathy for someone in need of help?
You will consciously weigh the costs and benefits of helping before doing anything.
Which of the following is a correct statement of the findings of Batson and Toi's "Carol study?"
Participants with high levels of empathy helped even when escape was easy.
According to Latané's Law of Social Impact, which of the following is not a factor in determining one's likelihood of helping?
Whether the individual in need of help is in my in-group.
Latané and Rodin's (1969) study in which people didn't help if there was a confederate who did not seem concerned when hearing the cries for help from another room demonstrates the power of
Informational social influence
Which of the following is not true about Pilivian's (1969) study on the New York subway (metro)?
The more people that were in the subway car, the less likely it was that people would help.
According to Whiting and Whiting's research, which factor may play a role in whether someone is a bystander?
A history of helping out in one's family.
According to Duclos & Barasch's (2014) study, a collectivistic culture
may be more likely to help members of the in-group.
Which of the following would be a problem with determining the effectiveness of a program to encourage students not to be bystanders?
All data would be self-reported and open to social desirability effects.
Banyard et al's (2005) study lacks ecological validity because
the level of helping is only measured in a hypothetical situation.
How did Greitemeyer and Osswald (2010) attempt to minimize ethical concerns in their study on the role of video games on pro-social behaviour?
They had the second female researcher come in after two minutes and stop the argument, to minimize undue stress.
One limitation of Greitemeyer and Osswald's (2010) study on the role of video games on pro-social behaviour is that we don't know if the behaviour is because they learned prosocial behaviour by playing the game or if they simply had a heightened awareness of helping while playing the game. This heightened awareness is referred to as
Priming
Social cognitive learning theory would argue that children may develop pro-social behaviour by watching television characters be rewarded for pro-social behaviour. This is explained by the concept of
vicarious reinforcement
Which of the following is not a limitation of field experiments?
They lack ecological validity.
Which of the following studies has the highest level of ecological validity?
Levine's study where a man drops a pile of papers to see who would help.
What is meant by the statement that Levine et al's research used an "etic approach?"
The study used a standardized set of tasks that were based on the culture of the researchers
Which of the following is true regarding field experiments?
Researchers must balance the need for valid data with the ethical treatment of participants.
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